Harshen Mian

Harshen Mian
Dangin harshen	Harsunan Papuan Trans–New Guinea (en) Central and South New Guinea (en) Awyu-Ok (en) Ok (en) Harshen Mian
Lamban rijistar harshe
ISO 639-3	mpt
Glottolog	mian1256

Mian yare ne na Ok da ake magana a Gundumar Telefomin na Lardin Sandaun a Papua New Guinea da Mutanen Mian. Yana da wasu masu magana dubu ukku da dari biyar 3,500 da suka bazu a cikin yaruka biyu: Yammacin Mian (a.k.a. Suganga), tare da kimanin masu magana har dubu daya 1,000 a kusa da Yapsiei, da Gabashin Mian, tare da kimanin dubu biyu da dari biyar 2,500 masu magana a ciki da kewayen Timeilmin, Temsakmin, Sokamin, Gubil, Fiak da Hotmin.

Fasahar sauti

A fannin sauti, Mian yayi kama da sauran Harsunan Papua a cikin girman kayan sautin sa, to amma duk da haka yana da wasu halaye, kamar bambancin da ke tsakanin fili [a] da pharyngealized [a]. Har ila yau kuma harshe ne na sauti.

Sautin sautin

Harshen Mian yana da wasula shida, gami da wasula na gaba mai buɗewa.

Sautin Mian

	A gaba	Komawa
	Ba a kewaye shi ba	Gidan da aka yi
Kusa	i /i/	u /u/
Tsakanin Tsakiya		ko /o/
Bude-tsakiya	da /ɛ/
Bude	zuwa aa-mw='{"parts":[{"template":{"target":{"wt":"IPA","href":"./Template:IPA"},"params":{"1":{"wt":"/a/"}},"i":0}}]}' data-ve-no-generated-contents="true" id="mwYQ" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" typeof="mw:Transclusion">/a/ /a/

Mian kuma yana da maganganu huɗu:

Hanyoyin magana na Mian

Ƙarshen da /i/	Ƙarshen da /u/
ai /a͡i/	zuwa /a͡u/
ei /ɛ͡i/	ko /o͡u/

/ɛ/ an gane shi azaman [ə] a cikin sautin sautin saut na farko, [ɛ] a wasu wurare.

/a/ an gane shi azaman [ɐ] a cikin kalmomin da ba a haɗa su ba, [ə] a cikin kalmomi na farko da ke da sautin sautin saurin sautin saut wanda ya fara da ma'anar, [a] a wasu wurare.

/o/ an gane shi azaman [ɔ] a cikin sautin sautin saut na farko da kuma a cikin sautunan da suka ƙare a cikin murya mara murya ko [ŋ], [o] a wasu wurare.

/u/ an gane shi azaman [ʊ] a cikin sautin sautin saut na farko, [u] a wasu wurare.

Sautin da aka yi amfani da shi

Harshen Mian yana da ƙwayoyi 16:

Hanyoyin da ke cikin harshen Mian

		Labari	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar		Gishiri
					Filayen	Labialized
Plosive	Rashin murya		Ya kamat a yi amfani da shi⟨t⟩		Sashen⟨k⟩	Sunan da aka yi⟨kw⟩
	Magana	b⟨b⟩	An yi amfani d shi⟨d⟩		An yi amfani da shi⟨g⟩	An yi amfani da shi⟨gw⟩
Hanci		Ya kam a yi amfani da shi⟨m⟩	Ya kasan a cikin⟨n⟩		Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi⟨ng⟩
Fricative		Sanya⟨f⟩	s da aka yi⟨s⟩				Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi⟨h⟩
Kusanci			Sanya⟨l⟩	Ya zama haka⟨y⟩		w w w watau⟨w⟩

/b/ an gane shi azaman kalma-da farko, ko [a ƙarshe] syllable-a ƙarshe, [b] a wasu wurare.

Misalan: banǒn [mbànǒn] ƙananan hannu, mǎab [mǎab] frog, teběl [thɛbɛ̌l] anttururuwa

/t/ an gane shi a matsayin kafin wasula, ko syllable-a ƙarshe.

Misalan: Haikali [tam], mat [mát] gall bladderhanji

/k/ ana gane shi a matsayin kafin wasula, ko syllable-a ƙarshe, wani lokacin [x] tsakanin wasula, kafin ].

Misalan: kemin [khèmìn] Kawa yin, manggěk [maŋɡang] bee, Ok [òxòḱ] aiki, kaawá [qhàwá] ƙarfe axisƘarfin ƙarfe

/ɡ/ an gane shi azaman [ŋɡ] kalma-da farko, [ɡ] a wasu wurare.

Misalan: gát [ŋɡát] mole, manggěk [màŋɡɛ̌k] beeƙudan zuma

/ɡw/ an gane shi azaman [ŋɡw] kalma-da farko, [ɡw] a wasu wurare.

Misalan: Gwan [ŋɡwàán] gizo-gizo, gwalgwal [ŋɡ wàlɡwàl] tagwaye

Sauti

Mian yana da nau'o'i biyar:

Sautin Mian

Sauti	Misali
Ƙananan	ne gida [Am]
Babba	Ba harbi bakibiyoyi
Ƙananan-High	Dhiha Nau'in Pandanus
Ƙananan Ƙananan	Hâs [hâs] hat
Ƙananan-High-Low	aam 'yar'uwa'Yar'uwa babba

Sautunan Mian suna da rikitarwa sosai, saboda suna ƙarƙashin matakai daban-daban na sauti, kuma ƙari, ana iya amfani da su don nuna fannoni daban-daban, musamman dangane da aikatau, inda sautunan suke da mahimmanci don fahimta.

Ka yi la'akari da nau'ikan aikatau guda biyu da ke ƙasa, kasancewar ba na yau da kullun ba ne kuma ba cikakke ba ne bi da bi:

dolâbībe [dolábíbè] Na rubuta

dolâbibe [dòlábìbè] Ina rubutu

Sunaye

Manyan abubuwa a cikin Mian mata ne, yayin da ƙananan abubuwa maza ne.   

 

•