2020 Wisconsin Supreme Court election
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 County results Karofsky: 50–60% 60–70% 80–90% Kelly: 50–60% 60–70% | |||||||||||||
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| Elections in Wisconsin |
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The 2020 Wisconsin Supreme Court election was held on April 7, 2020, to elect a justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court for a ten-year term. Dane County circuit judge Jill Karofsky defeated incumbent justice Daniel Kelly, shifting the ideology of the court toward liberals.
As more than two candidates filed to run, a nonpartisan primary was held on February 18, 2020. In the primary, university professor Edward A. Fallone was eliminated.
The general election took place during the initial surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, and state Republicans' controversially opposed postponing the spring elections (a move largely seen as having designs of benefitting Kelly through depressed turnout). Karofsky's sizable win was only the second instance since the 1960s in which an incumbent justice of the court was defeated. While the election was formally nonpartisan, its general election result was viewed as a win for the Democratic Party, while Kelly was a conservative backed by the Republican Party (and who had been endorsed by incumbent U.S. President Donald Trump, a Republican).
Background
[edit]While Prosser had been re-elected to a second ten-year term in 2011, with that term expiring in 2021, the vacancy created by his resignation resulted in the election for a new full term in the seat being advanced to 2020. The Constitution of Wisconsin stipulates that early elections to full terms can be triggered by a vacancy. The constitution stipulates that it is impermissible for more than one seat to be up for election in the same year. Elections must be moved moved to an earlier year after a vacancy, but only if there is a more immediate year without a scheduled contest.[1] All supreme court elections are held during the spring elections in early April.[2] Since there were was no supreme court election scheduled in 2020, but there were elections scheduled in 2016, 2017, 2018, and 2019, the vacancy moved the election to the next possible date, 2020. This allowed Prosser's successor to serve as justice for four years before they would be up for election.
Appointment
[edit]Appointee
[edit]- Daniel Kelly, attorney[3][4]
Considered but not appointed
[edit]- Michael B. Brennan, chairman of Governor Walker's Judicial Advisory Selection Committee[5]
- Andrew Brown, attorney[6]
- Claude Covelli, attorney[6]
- Mark Gundrum, Wisconsin Court of Appeals judge for the Second District[5]
- Brian Hagedorn, Wisconsin Court of Appeals judge for the Second District[5]
- Thomas Hruz, Wisconsin Court of Appeals judge for the Third District[5]
- Randy R. Koschnick, former chief justice of the Third District circuit court (2013–2017)[5]
- James A. Morrison, judge of the Marinette County Circuit (Branch 2)[6]
- Ellen Nowak, former Secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Administration (2018–2019)[5]
- Paul Scoptur, attorney[5]
- Jim Troupis, former judge of the Dane County Circuit (Branch 3) (2015–2016)[5]
Primary election
[edit]Candidates
[edit]Advanced
[edit]- Jill Karofsky, judge of the Dane County Circuit Court (Branch 12)[7]
- Daniel Kelly, incumbent justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court[8]
Eliminated in primary
[edit]- Edward A. Fallone, Marquette University law professor and candidate for Wisconsin Supreme Court in 2013[9]
Endorsements
[edit]County officials
- John Chisholm, Milwaukee County District Attorney (Democratic)[10]
Judicial officials
- Joe Donald, Judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals[10]
- Janet Protasiewicz, Judge of the Milwaukee County Circuit Court[10]
Labor unions
- UFCW Local 1473[11]
Newspapers and other media
- The Shepherd Express[12] (co-endorsement with Jill Karofsky)
Organizations
Judicial officials
- Rebecca Dallet, Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court[16]
State officials
- Jim Doyle, former Governor of Wisconsin (2003–2011) (Democratic)[17]
- Tony Earl, former Governor of Wisconsin (1983–1987) (Democratic)[18]
- Martin J. Schreiber, former Governor of Wisconsin (1977–1979) (Democratic)[18]
Labor unions
Newspapers and other media
- The Shepherd Express[12] (co-endorsement with Ed Fallone)
Organizations
Federal officials
- Donald Trump, President of the United States (Republican)[22]
Judicial officials
- Rebecca Bradley, Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court[23]
- Brian Hagedorn, Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court[23]
- David Prosser, former Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court (1998–2016)[23]
- Jon Wilcox, former Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court (1992–2007)[23]
Labor unions
- Milwaukee Police Association[24]
Organizations
Forums
[edit]| No. | Date | Host | Moderator | Link | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Key: P Participant A Absent N Not invited I Invited W Withdrawn |
|||||||
| Daniel Kelly | Ed Fallone | Jill Karofsky | |||||
| 1[30] | November 19, 2019 | American Constitution Society | Michael Wagner | WisEye | P | P | P |
| 2[31] | January 30, 2020 | Milwaukee Bar Association | Steve Walters | WisEye | P | P | P |
| 3 | February 4, 2020 | Grassroots North Shore | Keith Schmitz | YouTube | N | P | P |
Primary results
[edit]
- Kelly 40–50%
- Kelly 50–60%
- Kelly 60–70%
- Kelly 70–80%
- Karofsky 40–50%
- Karofsky 50–60%
- Karofsky 60–70%
| Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Daniel Kelly (incumbent) | 352,876 | 50.04% | |
| Jill Karofsky | 261,783 | 37.13% | |
| Edward A. Fallone | 89,184 | 12.65% | |
| Write-in | 1,295 | 0.18% | |
| Total votes | 705,138 | 100.0% | |
General election
[edit]COVID-19 pandemic, efforts to postpone election and Republican resistance
[edit]The election took place in the state's spring elections, which also included the state's presidential primaries. The outbreak of the COVID–19 pandemic in the United States occurred in the weeks prior to the spring election. Following the outbreak, several other states had delayed their presidential primaries and extended their vote-by-mail periods, since concerns were raised by health officials, poll workers, and voters that in-person voting at this early height of the pandemic would be unsafe for vulnerable individuals.[33] There were calls for Wisconsin to act similarly, but state Republicans opposed this. It was widely believed that state Republicans' objections to postponing the primaries was to advantage Kelly in the court election; with Republicans believed to have hedged that having the election proceeded as-scheduled and without emergency accommodations would depress voter turnout (particularly among liberal-leaning and Democratic-leaning voters), and that a lower-turnout election would be to Prosser's advantage.[34][35]
Wisconsin Governor Tony Evers (a Democrat) initially signed an executive order for the spring elections to be conducting exclusively by mail-in voting. However, this order was rejected by the Republican-controlled Wisconsin Legislature.[36] In a ruling issued on April 2, U.S. District Court Judge William M. Conley refused to postpone the election, but extended the deadline for absentee voting to April 13 (ordering clerks not to release any election data before that date).[37][38] However, on April 6, the Supreme Court of the United States overturned Conley's decision, meaning that all absentee ballots still had to be postmarked by "election day, Tuesday, April 7" even though it was still acceptable for the ballots to be received by the clerks as late as April 13.[39][40] The Supreme Court of the United States "did not alter the provision in Conley's amended order which prohibits the reporting of results until April 13".[41] On April 4, Governor Evers called a special session of the state legislature to be held on April 6 for the purposes of having them vote to postpone in-person voting. However, this special session ended within minutes of convening and without any action, thus forcing the primary to go on as planned.[42] Despite having previously expressed the view that he lacked the power to postpone the elections by executive order,[43] on April 6, Evers issued an executive order which, if enforced, would have postponed the April 7 elections until the tentative date of June 9.[44][45] Republican leaders immediately announced that they would challenge the order in the Wisconsin Supreme Court.[44] The Wisconsin Supreme Court ruled that Evers did not have the authority to postpone the elections, thus meaning that Evers' executive order was nullified, and that the elections would be held as scheduled on April 7.[46] This was appealed to a federal court who sided with the governor, and that was appealed to the US Supreme Court, which on a 5–4 vote, upheld the state court's ruling.[47]
Voting was somewhat chaotic, with people waiting in the rain for hours in some cases in masks and social distancing.[48] However, by the time the election concluded, Milwaukee Election Commissioner Neil Albrecht stated that despite some of the problems, the in-person voting ran smoothly.[49]
Campaign
[edit]During the campaign, Karofsky criticized Kelly and other members of the court's conservative majority for majority opinions that she argued gave them the appearance of being beholden to special interests. She also criticized Kelly and other conservative justices for having made comments that she characterized as unbefitting of judges.[50] Karofsky's comments prompted the conservative court majority to issue statements characterizing them as "baseless insults".[51][52][53]
Kelly was backed by the state's Republican Party, and was endorsed by Republican incumbent U.S. President Donald Trump.[54]
Post-primary endorsements
[edit]Federal officials
- Tammy Baldwin, U.S. senator from Wisconsin (Democratic)[55]
- Joe Biden, 47th vice president of the United States (2009–2017) (Democratic)[56]
- Bernie Sanders, U.S. senator from Vermont (Independent)[57]
Judicial officials
- Ann Walsh Bradley, Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court[58]
- Louis Butler, former Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court (2004–2008)[59]
State officials
- Josh Kaul, Attorney General of Wisconsin (Democratic)[60]
Labor unions
Newspapers and other media
Organizations
Newspapers and other media
Forum
[edit]| No. | Date | Host | Moderator | Link | Candidates | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Key: P Participant A Absent N Not invited I Invited W Withdrawn |
||||||
| Daniel Kelly | Jill Karofsky | |||||
| 1[69] | March 12, 2020 | Milwaukee Bar Association | Steve Walters | WisEye | P | P |
Polling
[edit]| Poll source | Date(s) administered |
Sample size[a] |
Margin of error |
Daniel Kelly |
Jill Karofsky |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hodas & Associates (R)[70][A] | March 17–19, 2020 | 600 (RV) | – | 36% | 29% |
Results
[edit]| Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jill Karofsky | 855,573 | 55.21% | |
| Daniel Kelly (incumbent) | 693,134 | 44.73% | |
| Write-in | 990 | 0.06% | |
| Total votes | 1,549,697 | 100.0% | |
Aftermath
[edit]Analysis
[edit]Karofsky's sizable win was regarded to be an immense upset victory. Several political pundits noted that rather than depress Democratic and liberal voter turnout, the highly-public maneuvering by state Republicans to prevent a postponement of the election had motivated Democrats to turn out for Karofsky.[72][73] Additionally, the results of the election largely mirrored the total votes cast in the presidential primaries held on the same day, with Democrats getting a combined 925,065 votes in the contested Democratic primary, and Republicans getting 630,196 votes in their uncontested primary.[74]
While the election was formally nonpartisan, the result of the general election was regarded as a victory for the Democratic Party, as the liberal Democratic Party-backed Karofsky defeated the conservative Republican Party-backed Daniel Kelly (who had been endorsed by Trump).[72][75] The outcome narrowed the court's conservative majority from 5–2 to 4–3. This was the first time since 2008 that an incumbent justice was unseated, and only the second time since 1967.[76] 2020 was only the eighth instance in which an incumbent justice lost re-election to the court (after 1855, 1908, 1917, 1947, 1967, and 2008).[77]
This outcome differed from the preceding 2019 state supreme court election, in which a conservative candidate had narrowly prevailed over a liberal candidate for another of the court's seats. However, the outcome and vote share resembled the supreme court result of 2018 despite the two elections having different levels of turnout. Similar to both 2020 and 2018, both of the two supreme court elections to be held since (2023 and 2025) have also had results in which a liberal candidate has defeated a conservative candidate by a vote share of roughly 55% to 45%, despite there being variance in overall turnout between the four elections.[78]
Notes
[edit]- ^ Key:
A – all adults
RV – registered voters
LV – likely voters
V – unclear
- ^ The Restoration PAC is a 501 non-profit which supported Donald Trump's 2020 presidential campaign.
References
[edit]- ^ "Wisconsin Question 2, Unified Court System Amendment (April 1977)". Ballotpedia. Retrieved 27 March 2025.
- ^ "Portraits of Justice" (PDF). Wisconsin Courts. Wisconsin Historical Society Press. 2003. pp. IX, X, and 59. Retrieved 27 March 2025.
- ^ "Gov. Scott Walker appoints attorney Dan Kelly to Wisconsin Supreme Court". FOX6Now.com. July 22, 2016. Archived from the original on July 25, 2016. Retrieved December 10, 2016.
- ^ "Gov. Scott Walker appoints attorney Dan Kelly to Wisconsin Supreme Court". FOX6Now.com. July 22, 2016. Archived from the original on July 25, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ferral, Katelyn (May 4, 2016). "A shortlist of likely contenders for Justice David Prosser's Wisconsin Supreme Court seat". The Capital Times. p. 10. Retrieved June 4, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ a b c "Here Are the 11 Applicants for Retiring Justice David Prosser's Job". Wisconsin Democracy Campaign. June 3, 2016. Retrieved April 4, 2025.
- ^ "Dane County Judge Karofsky Enters Wisconsin Supreme Court Race". Wisconsin Public Radio. May 23, 2019.
- ^ Johnson, Shawn (May 28, 2019). "Conservative Wisconsin Supreme Court Justice Kelly Running For Full Term". Wisconsin Public Radio.
- ^ Vielmetti, Bruce (March 27, 2019). "Marquette law professor Ed Fallone announces run for state Supreme Court in 2020". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
- ^ a b c d "Ed Fallone for Justice: Leaders across Wisconsin endorse Ed Fallone in race for Supreme Court". wispolitics.com. October 23, 2019.
- ^ a b "Ed Fallone Announces More Endorsements in Supreme Court Race". Urban Milwaukee. February 14, 2020.
- ^ a b "Vote Ed Fallone or Jill Karofsky for Wisconsin Supreme Court in the February 2020 Primary Election". The Shepherd Express. February 11, 2020.
- ^ "Another Big Endorsement for Ed Fallone". Urban Milwaukee. January 16, 2020.
- ^ "Fallone campaign: Ed Fallone garners endorsement from teachers and hispanic attorneys in race for Supreme Court". wispolitics.com. November 20, 2019.
- ^ "WMCA makes its first endorsement for the Spring Primary today". Wisconsin Muslim Journal. February 18, 2020.
- ^ "Justice Dallet endorses Judge Jill Karofsky for Wisconsin Supreme Court". WSAW-TV. May 28, 2019.
- ^ "Governor Jim Doyle and Jessica Doyle endorse Judge Jill Karofsky for Wisconsin Supreme Court". Urban Milwaukee. May 31, 2019.
- ^ a b "Dozens more Wisconsin elected officials endorse Judge Jill Karofsky for Wisconsin Supreme Court". Urban Milwaukee. November 14, 2019.
- ^ "Judge Jill Karofsky announces major labor endorsement in Supreme Court race". Urban Milwaukee. December 4, 2019.
- ^ "Two regional teachers' associations endorse Judge Jill Karofsky for Supreme Court". Urban Milwaukee. February 13, 2020.
- ^ "Women Lead endorses Judge Jill Karofsky for WI Supreme Court". Urban Milwaukee. August 19, 2019.
- ^ Marley, Patrick (January 15, 2020). "Daniel Kelly got a shoutout from Trump. How the president and Scott Walker loom in Wisconsin's race for Supreme Court". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on April 6, 2025.
- ^ a b c d "Justice Daniel Kelly Announces Campaign for The Supreme Court" (PDF) (Press release). May 28, 2019.
- ^ "Kelly Campaign: Receives endorsement of Milwaukee Police Association". wispolitics.com. February 12, 2020.
- ^ "NRA Endorses Daniel Kelly for WI Supreme Court". NRA-PVF. February 14, 2020.
- ^ "Pro-Life Wisconsin PAC Endorses Justice Daniel Kelly for Wisconsin Supreme Court". ProLife WI. January 14, 2020.
- ^ "Wisconsin Family Action PAC: Endorses Justice Dan Kelly". wispolitics.com. January 13, 2020.
- ^ "Justice Daniel Kelly's Campaign Announces Endorsement of Wisconsin Realtors Association" (PDF) (Press release). February 7, 2020.
- ^ "Kelly campaign: Wisconsin Right to Life PAC endorses Kelly". wispolitics.com. January 7, 2020.
- ^ "ACS Madison: Wisconsin Supreme Court Candidates' Forum". ACS Law. November 19, 2019.
- ^ Vielmetti, Bruce (January 30, 2020). "Wisconsin Supreme Court justice accuses challenger of slander, demands apology at heated election forum". The Post-Crescent.
- ^ "2020 Spring Primary Results" (PDF).
- ^ "Wisconsin set to hold in-person voting in presidential primary". Reuters. 2020-04-04. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
- ^ Levine, Sam (14 April 2020). "Republicans tried to suppress the vote in Wisconsin. It backfired". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
- ^ Levine, Sam (14 April 2020). "Republicans tried to suppress the vote in Wisconsin. It backfired". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
- ^ Dzhanova, Yelena (2020-03-24). "Coronavirus is disrupting the 2020 election. Here are the states that have adjusted their primaries". CNBC. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
- ^ Richmond, Todd (April 3, 2020). "Wisconsin barrels ahead with election despite virus fears". AP.
- ^ Johnson, Martin (2020-04-04). "Wisconsin Republicans say they will ask Supreme Court to block extended absentee voting". TheHill. Retrieved 2020-04-05.
- ^ "Supreme Court blocks extended absentee voting in Wisconsin primary". Channel3000.com. April 6, 2020. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
- ^ Supreme Court of the United States (April 6, 2020). "REPUBLICAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE, ET AL. v. DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL COMMITTEE, ET AL. No. 19A1016" (PDF). electionlawblog.org. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
- ^ "URGENT – Wisconsin Supreme Court Orders Election Day to Continue and U.S. Supreme Court Alters Ballot Receipt Deadline; Tallying and Reporting Results Still Prohibited Until April 13 – COVID-19". Wisconsin Elections Commission. Archived from the original on April 7, 2020. Retrieved 2020-04-07.
- ^ Glauber, Bill; Marley, Patrick. "In matter of seconds, Republicans stall Gov. Tony Evers' move to postpone Tuesday election". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel.
- ^ Governor Evers Tweet April 1 2020
- ^ a b Bradner, Eric; Sullivan, Kate (April 6, 2020). "Wisconsin governor orders delay of primary election until June". CNN. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
- ^ Ruthhart, Bill (April 7, 2020). "Wisconsin governor issues executive order to delay Tuesday's election until June". chicagotribune.com.
- ^ "Wisconsin Supreme Court rules Evers cannot postpone election". WISN. Associated Press. April 6, 2020. Retrieved April 6, 2020.
- ^ Mystal, Elie (2020-04-07). "SCOTUS Just Set the Stage for Republicans to Steal the Election". ISSN 0027-8378. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
- ^ Perano, Ursula. "Wisconsin won't be declaring a winner tonight". Axios. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
- ^ Mikkelson, Marti (April 8, 2020). "Milwaukee Election Chief: Despite Some Issues, In-Person Voting Went Smoothly". www.wuwm.com. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
- ^ Marley, Patrick (April 13, 2020). "Liberal judge Jill Karofsky Defeats Conservative Justice Daniel Kelly in Closely Watched Wisconsin Supreme Court Race". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
- ^ Vetterkind, Riley (March 12, 2020). "Conservative Wisconsin Supreme Court justices lash out against candidate Jill Karofsky". Wisconsin State Journal. Archived from the original on November 27, 2023.
- ^ "Justices Roggensack and Ziegler: Statement". wispolitics.com. March 11, 2020.
- ^ "Kelly campaign: Statement from Justices Rebecca Bradley and Brian Hagedorn". wispolitics.com. March 11, 2020.
- ^ Epstein, Reid J. (April 13, 2020). "Upset Victory in Wisconsin Supreme Court Race Gives Democrats a Lift". The New York Times. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ "U.S. Sen. Baldwin: Endorses Jill Karofsky for Wisconsin Supreme Court". wispolitics.com. February 28, 2020.
- ^ Glauber, Bill (April 3, 2020). "Joe Biden endorses Jill Karofsky for state Supreme Court while Donald Trump reaffirms backing of Daniel Kelly". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on December 13, 2020.
- ^ Marley, Patrick (April 2, 2020). "Karofsky gets Sanders' endorsement in Supreme Court race after criticizing Kelly for getting Trump's backing". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Archived from the original on April 6, 2025.
- ^ "Karofsky campaign: Justice Ann Walsh Bradley endorses Karofsky for Wisconsin Supreme Court". wispolitics.com. April 2, 2020.
- ^ "Justice Louis Butler endorses Jill Karofsky for Wisconsin Supreme Court". Urban Milwaukee. March 2, 2020.
- ^ "Karofsky campaign: Wisconsin AG Josh Kaul endorses Jill Karofsky for Wisconsin Supreme Court". wispolitics.com. March 30, 2020.
- ^ "2020 Spring Election Union Endorsements". WI AFL-CIO. March 18, 2020.
- ^ "Editorial: Judge Jill Karofsky should be your first vote". The Cap Times. April 2, 2020.
- ^ "Vote Jill Karofsky for Wisconsin Supreme Court in the April 2020 Spring Election". The Shepherd Express. March 27, 2020.
- ^ "Citizen Action endorsed candidates for the April 7th election". Citizen Action WI. March 30, 2020.
- ^ "HRC Endorses Judge Jill Karofsky for Wisconsin Supreme Court". HRC. March 16, 2020.
- ^ "Kelly campaign: Endorsed by bipartisan majority of Wisconsin sheriffs". wispolitics.com. March 11, 2020.
- ^ "NFIB: Endorses Justice Kelly – will provide predictable legal climate for small business". wispolitics.com. April 1, 2020.
- ^ "Hard to find an independent judge in Wisconsin's high court race". Wisconsin State Journal. April 3, 2020. Archived from the original on April 12, 2025.
- ^ Mikkelson, Marti (March 13, 2020). "Wisconsin Supreme Court Hopefuls Attack Each Other Again In Milwaukee Debate". WUWM.
- ^ Hodas & Associates (R)
- ^ "2020 Spring Election and Presidential Preference Results" (PDF).
- ^ a b Epstein, Reid J. (April 13, 2020). "Upset Victory in Wisconsin Supreme Court Race Gives Democrats a Lift". The New York Times. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ Multiple sources:
- "Shock Upset for Republicans in Wisconsin Primary Election". Al Jazeera. April 14, 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
- Sargent, Greg (14 April 2020). "Opinion | What the Big Upset in Wisconsin Says About Beating Trump". The Washington Post. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
- Cillizza, Chris (14 April 2020). "How a liberal Democrat upset Donald Trump's pick for the Wisconsin State Supreme Court | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
- ^ Kondik, Kyle; Coleman, J. Miles (April 16, 2020). "Wisconsin's Supreme Court Race: Don't Project it Forward to the Fall". Sabato's Crystal Ball. Retrieved April 5, 2025.
- ^ "Election results: Wisconsin spring primary election". projects.jsonline.com. Journal Sentinel. Retrieved April 14, 2020.
- ^ Marley, Patrick (April 13, 2020). "Liberal judge Jill Karofsky Defeats Conservative Justice Daniel Kelly in Closely Watched Wisconsin Supreme Court Race". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel. Retrieved 4 April 2025.
- ^ Multiple sources:
- Ostermeier, Eric (11 April 2011). "The Incumbency Advantage in Wisconsin Supreme Court Elections". Smart Politics. Retrieved 8 April 2025.
- Johnson, Shawn (14 April 2020). "Jill Karofsky Wins Wisconsin Supreme Court Race, Defeating Conservative Incumbent". WPR. Retrieved 8 April 2025.
- ^ Coleman, J. Miles; Kondik, Kyle (2 April 2025). "Conservatives Fall Well Short Again in Wisconsin Court Race; Shades of 2017 in Florida Special Elections". Sabato's Crystal Ball. Retrieved 3 April 2025.