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2025 India–Pakistan strikes

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2025 India–Pakistan strikes
Part of the 2025 India–Pakistan standoff

Brightness after an explosion in Gujranwala[1]
Date7 May 2025 – present
Location
Pakistani Punjab, Pakistani-administered Kashmir, India, and Indian-administered Kashmir
Status Ongoing
Belligerents
 India  Pakistan
Casualties and losses

1 soldier killed[2]

Pakistan claims:
5 fighter jets and 1 UAV shot down[3]
[dubious – discuss]		 Indian claims:
1 fighter jet shot down
31 Pakistani civilians killed, 46 injured (per Pakistan)[4]
15 Indian civilians killed, 43 injured[5]

On 7 May 2025, India conducted missile strikes on Pakistan and in Pakistan-administrated Jammu and Kashmir, codenamed Operation Sindoor. The strikes were in response to the 22 April terror attack by militants in Indian Kashmir killing 28 civilians, mostly Hindu tourists.[6][7] The Pahalgam attack had triggered the 2025 India–Pakistan standoff, which is part of the broader Kashmir conflict.[8]

According to India, the missile strikes targeted terrorist infrastructure of Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed; and that no Pakistani military facilities had been targeted,[9][10][11] while Pakistan claimed India targeted civilian areas, including mosques. According to Pakistan, the strikes killed 26 Pakistani civilians, including children.[12] and injured more than 46 people.[13][14]

According to India, the missile strikes targeted terrorist camps across nine locations including Bahawalpur and Muridke, alleged to be the hubs of Jaish-e-Mohammed[15][16][17] and Lashkar-e-Taiba respectively.[15][18] Masood Azhar, leader of Jaish-e-Mohammed, said that the airstrikes on the group's headquarters in Bahawalpur killed 10 members of his family, including 5 children.[10]

In retaliation to the strikes, Pakistan claimed to have downed a number of Indian jets and inflicting damage on Indian infrastructure.[19] India also claimed Pakistani cross-border artillery fire killed multiple civilians, including children.[20][21][14]

According to the Indian media and officials, there is an ongoing misinformation campaign after the strikes by pro-Pakistani social media handles.[22][23][24][25] Similarly, DAWN also reported misinformation from pro-India social media handles.[26]

Background

Main articles: 2025 India–Pakistan standoff and 2025 Pahalgam attack

The Kashmir conflict, ongoing since 1947, has fuelled multiple wars and skirmishes between India and Pakistan over the disputed region.

On 22 April 2025, an attack in Pahalgam, Indian-administered Kashmir, killed 26 civilians and was claimed by the Resistance Front, an offshoot of Lashkar-e-Taiba.[8] Both nations engaged in military posturing, with Pakistan testing ballistic missiles on 3 May and India conducting drills.[27]

The operation was codenamed "Sindoor" alluding to the fact that Hindu men were selectively targeted in the Pahalgam attack, leaving their wives widowed.[28][29][30] Sindoor is a reddish pigment used by Hindu women to indicate their married status.[31]

Attacks

Indian attacks

On 7 May 2025, the Indian Armed Forces launched Operation Sindoor, twenty-four attacks targeting nine locations in Pakistani-administered Kashmir (Muzaffarabad and Kotli) and Pakistan's Punjab province (Bahawalpur), i.e. across both the Line of Control and the international border.[32][33]

India's government described the strikes as "focused, measured, and non-escalatory,"[5] targeting terrorist infrastructure linked to Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed, with no Pakistani military facilities hit.[34]

The Indian Air Force deployed the Rafale jets armed with SCALP missiles and AASM Hammer bombs in the 23 minute-long Operation Sindoor early in the morning of 7 May 2025.[35][36][37] According to Jaish-e-Mohammed, the Indian airstrike on Bahawalpur killed 10 members of leader Masood Azhar's family, in addition to four close associates.[19]

A Pakistani general said that the strikes were conducted without Indian aircraft entering Pakistani airspace. The strikes caused explosions and a power blackout in Muzaffarabad.[38] Maryam Nawaz, the chief minister of the Pakistani province of Punjab, urged residents to stay inside their homes.[39] Locals in Srinagar reported heavy fighter jet activity overhead.[32] The Indian Army released a statement on Twitter, declaring "Justice is Served" with the hashtag #PahalgamTerrorAttack and later released multiple video footage of the targets struck during this operation.[40][19] The Indian military said that Pakistan fired into Bhimber Gali, a village in Kashmir.[39]

Khawaja Asif, Pakistan's Minister of Defence, initially said that Indian soldiers were taken prisoners and planes were shot down.[41] Pakistan later clarified that no Indian soldiers had been taken as prisoners.[42][43] Pakistan claimed that India targeted innocent civilians,[14] and that children were killed in the attacks.[44] One of the locations hit by Indian attacks was Bilal mosque, Muzaffarabad, with damage reported by Reuters.[45] BBC News noted a local report that an educational complex was hit in Muridke that included a school and college for children and a medical clinic.[46]

Indian media reported that India shot down a Pakistani JF-17.[47][48]

Pakistani attacks

A statement from the Pakistan prime minister's office claimed five Indian fighter jets and drones had been shot down. They also claimed that they have destroyed an IAI Heron.[49] CNN reported, citing a French intelligence official, that an Indian Rafale was downed by Pakistan, though this has not been confirmed. The French military and Dassault Aviation have not commented on it.[50]

Reuters reported that local Indian government sources told Reuters that three fighter jets had crashed in India.[51]

Casualties

According to Pakistani security forces, the Indian missile attacks killed 26 people, including at least two children, and injured at least 35 others.[44] An additional five people were killed in Pakistan due to Indian artillery shelling, bringing the total death toll to 31.[52] Masood Azhar, the leader of the JeM, said 10 of his relatives were killed in the Indian attacks, including 5 children from his extended family.[53]

Indian officials said that Pakistani artillery fire killed 15 civilians and injured 43 inside Indian administered Kashmir.[20][21][54] All the casualties and majority of the injuries occurred in Poonch District.[55][56][57]

A farmer was killed when an unidentified aircraft crashed in India's Bathinda district.[58]

Aftermath

Pakistani airspace was closed for 48 hours and all flights were cancelled in Karachi and Lahore.[59][60] In Punjab, schools and colleges were closed, while BISE examinations were postponed.[61]

SpiceJet, IndiGo and Air India halted flights in the region,[62] while Air France and Lufthansa avoided Pakistani airspace.[63][64] Three Dhaka-bound international flights operated by Turkish Airlines, Jazeera Airways, and Kuwait Airways were diverted to Muscat, Dubai and Kuwait City, respectively.[65] Malaysia Airlines and Batik Air suspended operations and/or re-routed flights to cities in both countries.[66]

In India, at least 25 airports across northern, central and western parts of the country were temporarily shut down until 10 May.[67][68][69]

Reactions

Involved parties

  •  India: The government claimed that the operation was a necessary response to terrorism, citing the Pahalgam attack.[8] Prime Minister Narendra Modi cancelled his planned trip to Croatia, the Netherlands and Norway in light of the actions.[70] Opposition parties urged Pakistan to stop its support for terrorism.[71]
  •  Pakistan: Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif called the strikes a "cowardly attack" on civilians, with its military threatening retaliatory strikes at a time and place of its choosing.[72][73][74]

Supranational bodies

International

Main article: International reactions to the 2025 India-Pakistan conflict
  •  Algeria: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed deep concern about the recent escalation of armed exchanges between India and Pakistan, urged both sides to maintain self‑restraint and calm, to return immediately to dialogue in a spirit of responsibility, and warned that political and diplomatic means must prevail over the use of force.[77]
  •  Bangladesh: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in an official statement, has conveyed that it is closely observing the situation. Additionally, it has urged both nations to exercise restraint and maintain calm.[78]
  •  China: A Foreign Ministry Spokesperson said that China found India's military operation early in the morning regrettable. The spokesperson expressed concern about the ongoing situation and urged both sides to act in the larger interest of peace and stability, to remain calm, exercise restraint, and refrain from taking actions that might further complicate the situation.[79][80][81]
  •  Israel: Ambassador to India Reuven Azar said that Israel supports India's right for self-defense. He added that "terrorists should know there's no place to hide from their heinous crimes against the innocent."[79][80]
  •  Germany: The foreign office issued a statement online, urging that "Escalation must be prevented and civilians protected."[44]
  •  Japan: Takeshi Iwaya, Japan's foreign minister, released a statement declaring that the country is "deeply concerned that the recent series of events could lead to further reprisals and escalate into a full-scale military conflict."[44]
  •  Qatar: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs urged diplomacy and restraint.[82]
  •  Russia: Foreign Ministry spokesperson Maria Zakharova called both involved parties to exercise restraint and expressed the country is "deeply concerned about the intensifying military confrontation between India and Pakistan after the terrorist attack near the city of Pahalgam".[83]
  •  Ukraine: The Ministry of Foreign Affairs called for both parties to pursue diplomatic engagement and avoid escalation.[84]
  •  United Arab Emirates: Foreign minister Abdullah bin Zayed Al Nahyan called for both sides to show restraint and avoid an escalation.[85]
  •  United Kingdom: Foreign Secretary David Lammy called on both sides "to show restraint and engage in direct dialogue to find a swift, diplomatic path forward."[86]
  •  United States: President Donald Trump called India's military strikes on Pakistan a shame and said he hopes the fighting ends quickly.[87] US Secretary of State Marco Rubio spoke to the national security advisers from India and Pakistan and urged both to keep lines of communication open and avoid escalation.[88][89][90]

See also

References

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