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Morphology and phylogeny of four Endogone species and Sphaerocreas pubescens collected in Japan

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Abstract

The order Endogonales within Mucoromycotina includes several ectomycorrhizal species and endophytes of lower land plants. As such, this order is a key taxon for investigation of the evolutionary process of plant–fungal symbioses. However, no taxonomic study of Endogonales based on morphological and phylogenetic data has been performed, and the geographic distribution of this order in Asia remains largely unknown. We collected E. incrassata, E. pisiformis, E. flammicorona, and E. lactiflua from forests in Japan, thus representing their first description in Asia. Collected sporocarps were examined microscopically to observe details of hyphal structures, particularly in zygosporangia and gametangia. In addition, we collected Japanese Sphaerocreas pubescens, recently reported to be related to Endogone-like mycobionts of liverworts, and described its morphology. Species were also analyzed phylogenetically based on large-subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences. The phylogenetic relationships of the four Endogone species were supported by their zygosporangial morphogenesis: group A, comprising E. incrassata and E. pisiformis, formed homogametic zygosporangia with pale-colored sporangiothecia, whereas species in group B, E. flammicorona and E. lactiflua, formed heterogametic zygosporangia with orange-colored sporangiothecia. Sphaerocreas pubescens was phylogenetically close to Densospora solicarpa, which is an uncertain zygomycotan ectomycorrhizal fungus; however, the relationship between the “Sphaerocreas/Densospora” clade and Endogone was unclear.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to the members of the Mycorrhiza Laboratory, Shinshu University, and the Laboratory of Mycology, Sugadaira, and Mr. Yusuke Takashima for donation of the specimens and support for our sampling. Mr. Tetsuo Muroi kindly provided valuable literature regarding Endogonales. We also thank Dr. Kentaro Hosaka (TNS), Mr. Daisuke Sakuma (OSA), and Dr. Takamichi Orihara (KPM), who allowed access to the herbarium specimens and deposits of our specimens. In addition, we thank the technical staff of the Division of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Human and Environmental Sciences, Shinshu University, for DNA sequencing. This study was supported in part by a Research Fellowship for Young Scientists (No. 14J09199) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS).

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  1. Department of Bioscience and Food Production Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan

    Kohei Yamamoto & Akiyoshi Yamada

  2. Sugadaira Montane Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Sugadaira Kogen, Nagano, 386-2204, Japan

    Yousuke Degawa

  3. College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Funabashi, Chiba, 274-8555, Japan

    Dai Hirose

  4. Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan

    Masaki Fukuda & Akiyoshi Yamada

  5. Division of Terrestrial Ecosystem, Institute of Mountain Science, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Nagano, 399-4598, Japan

    Akiyoshi Yamada

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Correspondence to Kohei Yamamoto.

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Yamamoto, K., Degawa, Y., Hirose, D. et al. Morphology and phylogeny of four Endogone species and Sphaerocreas pubescens collected in Japan. Mycol Progress 14, 86 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-015-1111-6

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