Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 1999 Jan;40(1):23-31.
doi: 10.1007/BF02557699.

The evolution of "egalitarian" and "despotic" social systems among macaques

Affiliations

The evolution of "egalitarian" and "despotic" social systems among macaques

S Matsumura. Primates. 1999 Jan.

Abstract

Recent studies of captive macaques have revealed considerable inter-species differences in dominance styles among females. In "egalitarian" species such as stumptail (Macaca arctoides) or tonkean macaques (M. tonkeana), social interactions are more symmetrical and less kin-biased than in "despotic" species such as Japanese (M. fuscata) or rhesus macaques (M. mulatta). Field observations of moor macaques (M. maurus), close relatives of tonkean macaques, suggest that tolerance during feeding characterizes their egalitarian dominance style in the natural habitat. Although it has been proposed that communal defense against other groups may be the main selective force in the evolution of egalitarian dominance style among females, few field data support this prediction. A game theory analysis showed that both an "egalitarian" strategy and a "despotic" strategy are possible evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS) under certain conditions. The difference in dominance styles might reflect the difference in ESS. This means that an egalitarian dominance style can emerge without strong between-group contest competition. A phylogenetic comparison among macaques suggests that despotic dominance styles very likely evolved from egalitarian dominance styles. In the future, primate socioecological studies should pay more attention to the evolutionary history of each species.

PubMed Disclaimer

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Behav Biol. 1974 Jun;11(2):131-54 - PubMed
    1. Folia Primatol (Basel). 1993;61(1):21-30 - PubMed
    1. Folia Primatol (Basel). 1989;53(1-4):203-20 - PubMed
    1. Behav Processes. 1985 Jun;11(1):89-95 - PubMed
    1. Am J Primatol. 1988;15(1):31-44 - PubMed