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. 2008 May 6;8(5):2932-2958.
doi: 10.3390/s8052932.

Nanorobot Hardware Architecture for Medical Defense

Adriano Cavalcanti  1   2 , Bijan Shirinzadeh  3 , Mingjun Zhang  4 , Luiz C Kretly  5
Affiliations

Nanorobot Hardware Architecture for Medical Defense

Adriano Cavalcanti et al. Sensors (Basel). .

Abstract

This work presents a new approach with details on the integrated platform and hardware architecture for nanorobots application in epidemic control, which should enable real time in vivo prognosis of biohazard infection. The recent developments in the field of nanoelectronics, with transducers progressively shrinking down to smaller sizes through nanotechnology and carbon nanotubes, are expected to result in innovative biomedical instrumentation possibilities, with new therapies and efficient diagnosis methodologies. The use of integrated systems, smart biosensors, and programmable nanodevices are advancing nanoelectronics, enabling the progressive research and development of molecular machines. It should provide high precision pervasive biomedical monitoring with real time data transmission. The use of nanobioelectronics as embedded systems is the natural pathway towards manufacturing methodology to achieve nanorobot applications out of laboratories sooner as possible. To demonstrate the practical application of medical nanorobotics, a 3D simulation based on clinical data addresses how to integrate communication with nanorobots using RFID, mobile phones, and satellites, applied to long distance ubiquitous surveillance and health monitoring for troops in conflict zones. Therefore, the current model can also be used to prevent and save a population against the case of some targeted epidemic disease.

Keywords: Architecture; CMOS integrated circuits; biohazard defense system; device prototyping; hardware; medical nanorobotics; nanobioelectronics; nanobiosensor; proteomics..

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
The bloodstream flows through the vessel in the 3D model. The vessel endothelial cells denote in brown color the influenza virus beginning to spread from one cell to another.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Integrated circuit block diagram.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Infected cells in brown color represented as early stage of virus cell invasion.
Figures 4.
Figures 4.
Screenshots with nanorobots and red blood cells inside the vessel. The real time 3D simulation optionally provides visualization either with or without the red blood cells. The influenza infection with cell hostage begins to spread from infected to nearby uninfected cells. The nanorobots flow with the bloodstream sensing for protein overexpression.
Figures 5.
Figures 5.
Screenshots with nanorobots and red blood cells inside the vessel. The real time 3D simulation optionally provides visualization either with or without the red blood cells. The influenza infection with cell hostage begins to spread from infected to nearby uninfected cells. The nanorobots flow with the bloodstream sensing for protein overexpression.
Figures 6.
Figures 6.
Screenshots with nanorobots and red blood cells inside the vessel. The real time 3D simulation optionally provides visualization either with or without the red blood cells. The influenza infection with cell hostage begins to spread from infected to nearby uninfected cells. The nanorobots flow with the bloodstream sensing for protein overexpression.
Figures 7.
Figures 7.
Screenshots with nanorobots and red blood cells inside the vessel. The real time 3D simulation optionally provides visualization either with or without the red blood cells. The influenza infection with cell hostage begins to spread from infected to nearby uninfected cells. The nanorobots flow with the bloodstream sensing for protein overexpression.
Figures 8.
Figures 8.
Screenshots with nanorobots and red blood cells inside the vessel. The real time 3D simulation optionally provides visualization either with or without the red blood cells. The influenza infection with cell hostage begins to spread from infected to nearby uninfected cells. The nanorobots flow with the bloodstream sensing for protein overexpression.
Figures 9.
Figures 9.
Screenshots with nanorobots and red blood cells inside the vessel. The real time 3D simulation optionally provides visualization either with or without the red blood cells. The influenza infection with cell hostage begins to spread from infected to nearby uninfected cells. The nanorobots flow with the bloodstream sensing for protein overexpression.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Military strategic and tactical relay satellites can use ultra high frequency for long distance epidemic monitoring and control, back tracking information from the mobile phone. Communication interface provides person identification and position, using nanorobots with PDA smart cell phone.
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Nanobiosensor activation.
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
Nanorobots detecting higher concentrations of alpha-NAGA signals within the bloodstream.
Figure 13.
Figure 13.
Nanorobots activation inside vessel with respective Y-X positions.
Figure 14.
Figure 14.
Electromagnetic back propagated signals generated from nanorobots activation.
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