The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years

doi:10.1126/science.aav4040

. 2019 Mar 15;363(6432):1230-1234.

doi: 10.1126/science.aav4040.

The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years

Iñigo Olalde¹, Swapan Mallick^{2

3

4}, Nick Patterson³, Nadin Rohland², Vanessa Villalba-Mouco^{5

6}, Marina Silva⁷, Katharina Dulias⁷, Ceiridwen J Edwards⁷, Francesca Gandini⁷, Maria Pala⁷, Pedro Soares⁸, Manuel Ferrando-Bernal⁹, Nicole Adamski^{2

4}, Nasreen Broomandkhoshbacht^{2

4}, Olivia Cheronet¹⁰, Brendan J Culleton¹¹, Daniel Fernandes^{10

12}, Ann Marie Lawson^{2

4}, Matthew Mah^{2

3

4}, Jonas Oppenheimer^{2

4}, Kristin Stewardson^{2

4}, Zhao Zhang², Juan Manuel Jiménez Arenas^{13

14

15}, Isidro Jorge Toro Moyano¹⁶, Domingo C Salazar-García¹⁷, Pere Castanyer¹⁸, Marta Santos¹⁸, Joaquim Tremoleda¹⁸, Marina Lozano^{19

20}, Pablo García Borja²¹, Javier Fernández-Eraso²², José Antonio Mujika-Alustiza²², Cecilio Barroso²³, Francisco J Bermúdez²³, Enrique Viguera Mínguez²⁴, Josep Burch²⁵, Neus Coromina²⁵, David Vivó²⁵, Artur Cebrià²⁶, Josep Maria Fullola²⁶, Oreto García-Puchol²⁷, Juan Ignacio Morales²⁶, F Xavier Oms²⁶, Tona Majó²⁸, Josep Maria Vergès^{19

20}, Antònia Díaz-Carvajal²⁹, Imma Ollich-Castanyer²⁹, F Javier López-Cachero²⁶, Ana Maria Silva^{30

31

32}, Carmen Alonso-Fernández³³, Germán Delibes de Castro³⁴, Javier Jiménez Echevarría³³, Adolfo Moreno-Márquez^{35

36}, Guillermo Pascual Berlanga, Pablo Ramos-García³⁷, José Ramos-Muñoz³⁵, Eduardo Vijande Vila³⁵, Gustau Aguilella Arzo³⁸, Ángel Esparza Arroyo³⁹, Katina T Lillios⁴⁰, Jennifer Mack⁴¹, Javier Velasco-Vázquez⁴², Anna Waterman⁴³, Luis Benítez de Lugo Enrich^{44

45}, María Benito Sánchez⁴⁶, Bibiana Agustí^{47

48}, Ferran Codina⁴⁸, Gabriel de Prado⁴⁸, Almudena Estalrrich⁴⁹, Álvaro Fernández Flores⁵⁰, Clive Finlayson^{51

52

53

54}, Geraldine Finlayson^{51

53

54}, Stewart Finlayson^{51

55}, Francisco Giles-Guzmán⁵¹, Antonio Rosas⁵⁶, Virginia Barciela González^{57

58}, Gabriel García Atiénzar^{57

58}, Mauro S Hernández Pérez^{57

58}, Armando Llanos⁵⁹, Yolanda Carrión Marco⁶⁰, Isabel Collado Beneyto⁶¹, David López-Serrano⁶², Mario Sanz Tormo, António C Valera⁶³, Concepción Blasco⁴⁴, Corina Liesau⁴⁴, Patricia Ríos⁴⁴, Joan Daura²⁶, María Jesús de Pedro Michó⁶⁴, Agustín A Diez-Castillo⁶⁵, Raúl Flores Fernández, Joan Francès Farré⁶⁶, Rafael Garrido-Pena⁴⁴, Victor S Gonçalves³¹, Elisa Guerra-Doce³⁴, Ana Mercedes Herrero-Corral⁶⁷, Joaquim Juan-Cabanilles⁶⁸, Daniel López-Reyes⁶⁹, Sarah B McClure⁷⁰, Marta Merino Pérez⁷¹, Arturo Oliver Foix³⁸, Montserrat Sanz Borràs²⁶, Ana Catarina Sousa³¹, Julio Manuel Vidal Encinas⁷², Douglas J Kennett^{11

70}, Martin B Richards⁷, Kurt Werner Alt^{73

74}, Wolfgang Haak^{5

75}, Ron Pinhasi¹⁰, Carles Lalueza-Fox⁷⁶, David Reich^{1

3

4}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. inigo_olalde@hms.harvard.edu carles.lalueza@upf.edu reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.
² Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
³ Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁴ Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
⁵ Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
⁶ Departamento de Ciencias de la Antigüedad, Grupo Primeros Pobladores del Valle del Ebro (PPVE), Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
⁷ Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
⁸ Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
⁹ Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁰ Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
¹¹ Department of Anthropology and Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
¹² Research Center for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Science, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
¹³ Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
¹⁴ Instituto Universitario de la Paz y los Conflictos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
¹⁵ Department of Anthropology - Anthropologisches Institut and Museum, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
¹⁶ Museo Arqueológico y Etnológico de Granada, Granada, Spain.
¹⁷ Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria, (UPV-EHU)/IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria, Spain.
¹⁸ Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Empúries, L'Escala, Spain.
¹⁹ Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain.
²⁰ Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain.
²¹ Departamento de Prehistoria e Historia Antigua, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Valencia, Spain.
²² Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain.
²³ Fundación Instituto de Investigación de Prehistoria y Evolución Humana (FIPEH), Lucena, Spain.
²⁴ Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
²⁵ Institut de Recerca Històrica, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
²⁶ SERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁷ PREMEDOC Research Group, Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
²⁸ Archaeom. Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
²⁹ Universitat de Barcelona-GRAMP/Museu Arqueològic de l'Esquerda, Roda de Ter, Spain.
³⁰ Laboratory of Prehistory, Research Center for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
³¹ UNIARQ, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
³² CEF, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
³³ Cronos S.C. Arqueología y Patrimonio, Burgos, Spain.
³⁴ Departamento de Prehistoria, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
³⁵ Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
³⁶ Departamento de Geografía, Historia y Humanidades, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain.
³⁷ School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
³⁸ Servicio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Prehistóricas de la Diputación de Castellón, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
³⁹ GIR PrehUSAL, Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
⁴⁰ Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
⁴¹ Office of the State Archaeologist, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
⁴² Departamento de Ciencias Históricas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
⁴³ Mt. Mercy University, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA.
⁴⁴ Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁵ Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁶ Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Anatomía Patológica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁷ INSITU S.C.P., Centelles, Spain.
⁴⁸ Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Ullastret, Ullastret, Spain.
⁴⁹ Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria IIIPC (Universidad de Cantabria-Gobierno de Cantabria-Santander), Santander, Spain.
⁵⁰ Arqueología y Gestión S.L.L., Fuentes de Andalucia, Spain.
⁵¹ The Gibraltar National Museum, Gibraltar.
⁵² Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁵³ School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
⁵⁴ Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar.
⁵⁵ Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
⁵⁶ Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
⁵⁷ Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
⁵⁸ Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico (INAPH), San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
⁵⁹ Instituto Alavés de Arqueología, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
⁶⁰ Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
⁶¹ Museu Arqueológic Vicent Casanova, Bocairent, Spain.
⁶² Estrats, Treballs d'Arqueologia SL, El Campello, Spain.
⁶³ Era - Arqueologia, Oeiras, Portugal.
⁶⁴ Museu de Prehistòria de València, València, Spain.
⁶⁵ GRAM Research Group, Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
⁶⁶ Museu i Poblat Ibèric de Ca n'Oliver, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
⁶⁷ Departamento de Prehistoria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁶⁸ Museu de Prehistoria/SIP, Diputació de València, València, Spain.
⁶⁹ Arqueovitis sccl., Avinyonet del Penedès, Spain.
⁷⁰ Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
⁷¹ Unitat d'Antropologia Física, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁷² Junta de Castilla y León, Servicio de Cultura de León, León, Spain.
⁷³ Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria.
⁷⁴ Department of Biomedical Engineering and Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland.
⁷⁵ School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
⁷⁶ Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. inigo_olalde@hms.harvard.edu carles.lalueza@upf.edu reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.

PMID: 30872528
PMCID: PMC6436108
DOI: 10.1126/science.aav4040

The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years

Iñigo Olalde et al. Science. 2019.

. 2019 Mar 15;363(6432):1230-1234.

doi: 10.1126/science.aav4040.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. inigo_olalde@hms.harvard.edu carles.lalueza@upf.edu reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.
² Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
³ Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
⁴ Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
⁵ Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany.
⁶ Departamento de Ciencias de la Antigüedad, Grupo Primeros Pobladores del Valle del Ebro (PPVE), Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
⁷ Department of Biological and Geographical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
⁸ Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
⁹ Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
¹⁰ Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
¹¹ Department of Anthropology and Institutes of Energy and the Environment, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
¹² Research Center for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Science, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
¹³ Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
¹⁴ Instituto Universitario de la Paz y los Conflictos, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
¹⁵ Department of Anthropology - Anthropologisches Institut and Museum, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
¹⁶ Museo Arqueológico y Etnológico de Granada, Granada, Spain.
¹⁷ Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria, (UPV-EHU)/IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Vitoria, Spain.
¹⁸ Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Empúries, L'Escala, Spain.
¹⁹ Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES), Tarragona, Spain.
²⁰ Àrea de Prehistòria, Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Tarragona, Spain.
²¹ Departamento de Prehistoria e Historia Antigua, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Valencia, Spain.
²² Departamento de Geografía, Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain.
²³ Fundación Instituto de Investigación de Prehistoria y Evolución Humana (FIPEH), Lucena, Spain.
²⁴ Área de Genética, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
²⁵ Institut de Recerca Històrica, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain.
²⁶ SERP, Departament d'Història i Arqueologia, Facultat de Geografia i Història, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
²⁷ PREMEDOC Research Group, Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
²⁸ Archaeom. Departament de Prehistòria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
²⁹ Universitat de Barcelona-GRAMP/Museu Arqueològic de l'Esquerda, Roda de Ter, Spain.
³⁰ Laboratory of Prehistory, Research Center for Anthropology and Health, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
³¹ UNIARQ, Faculdade de Letras, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
³² CEF, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
³³ Cronos S.C. Arqueología y Patrimonio, Burgos, Spain.
³⁴ Departamento de Prehistoria, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
³⁵ Departamento de Historia, Geografía y Filosofía, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
³⁶ Departamento de Geografía, Historia y Humanidades, Universidad de Almería, Almería, Spain.
³⁷ School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
³⁸ Servicio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Prehistóricas de la Diputación de Castellón, Castelló de la Plana, Spain.
³⁹ GIR PrehUSAL, Departamento de Prehistoria, Historia Antigua y Arqueología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
⁴⁰ Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
⁴¹ Office of the State Archaeologist, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
⁴² Departamento de Ciencias Históricas, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
⁴³ Mt. Mercy University, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA.
⁴⁴ Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁵ Departamento de Prehistoria y Arqueología, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁶ Departamento de Medicina Legal, Psiquiatría y Anatomía Patológica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁴⁷ INSITU S.C.P., Centelles, Spain.
⁴⁸ Museu d'Arqueologia de Catalunya-Ullastret, Ullastret, Spain.
⁴⁹ Instituto Internacional de Investigaciones Prehistóricas de Cantabria IIIPC (Universidad de Cantabria-Gobierno de Cantabria-Santander), Santander, Spain.
⁵⁰ Arqueología y Gestión S.L.L., Fuentes de Andalucia, Spain.
⁵¹ The Gibraltar National Museum, Gibraltar.
⁵² Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
⁵³ School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
⁵⁴ Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar.
⁵⁵ Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
⁵⁶ Paleoanthropology Group, Department of Paleobiology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
⁵⁷ Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología e Historia Antigua, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, Universidad de Alicante, San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
⁵⁸ Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Arqueología y Patrimonio Histórico (INAPH), San Vicente del Raspeig, Spain.
⁵⁹ Instituto Alavés de Arqueología, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
⁶⁰ Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
⁶¹ Museu Arqueológic Vicent Casanova, Bocairent, Spain.
⁶² Estrats, Treballs d'Arqueologia SL, El Campello, Spain.
⁶³ Era - Arqueologia, Oeiras, Portugal.
⁶⁴ Museu de Prehistòria de València, València, Spain.
⁶⁵ GRAM Research Group, Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Historia Antiga, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
⁶⁶ Museu i Poblat Ibèric de Ca n'Oliver, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
⁶⁷ Departamento de Prehistoria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
⁶⁸ Museu de Prehistoria/SIP, Diputació de València, València, Spain.
⁶⁹ Arqueovitis sccl., Avinyonet del Penedès, Spain.
⁷⁰ Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
⁷¹ Unitat d'Antropologia Física, Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
⁷² Junta de Castilla y León, Servicio de Cultura de León, León, Spain.
⁷³ Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria.
⁷⁴ Department of Biomedical Engineering and Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science, Basel University, Basel, Switzerland.
⁷⁵ School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
⁷⁶ Institute of Evolutionary Biology, CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. inigo_olalde@hms.harvard.edu carles.lalueza@upf.edu reich@genetics.med.harvard.edu.

PMID: 30872528
PMCID: PMC6436108
DOI: 10.1126/science.aav4040

Abstract

We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European-speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European-speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

**Fig. 1.. Overview of the Ancient Iberian Genetic Time Transect.**
(A) Geographic distribution and (B) dates of new and previously reported samples. Random jitter is added for sites with multiple individuals. Sites mentioned in the text are labeled. (C) Principal Component Analysis of 989 present-day west Eurasian individuals (grey dots), with ancient individuals from Iberia and other regions (pale yellow) projected onto the first two principal components. (D) Section of the PCA in (C). (E) Schematic representation of events documented in this study.

**Fig. 2.. Genome-wide admixture proportions using *qpAdm*.**
(A) Modeling Mesolithic, Neolithic and Copper Age populations as a mixture of Anatolia_N, El Mirón and KO1. Percentages indicate proportion of El Mirón + KO1 ancestry. (B) Proportion of ancestry derived from central European Beaker/Bronze Age populations in Iberians from the Middle Neolithic to the Iron Age (table S15). Colors indicate the Y-chromosome haplogroup for each male (table S4). (C) Ancestry proportions for individuals from three sites in northeast Iberia dated between the 6th and 12th centuries CE. (D) Ancestry proportions for individuals from southeast Iberia from the 3–16th centuries CE (tables S20-S21). Each bar represents one individual with associated mtDNA (top) and Y-chromosome (bottom). In bold, haplogroups with a likely recent non-local origin.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

Comment in

Toward a clearer view into human prehistory.
Vander Linden M. Vander Linden M. Science. 2019 Mar 15;363(6432):1153-1154. doi: 10.1126/science.aaw8020. Science. 2019. PMID: 30872509 No abstract available.

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1. Fu Q, Hajdinjak M, Moldovan OT, Constantin S, Mallick S, Skoglund P, Patterson N, Rohland N, Lazaridis I, Nickel B, Viola B, Prüfer K, Meyer M, Kelso J, Reich D, Pääbo S, An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor. Nature 524, 216–219 (2015). - PMC - PubMed
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1. González-Fortes G, Jones ER, Lightfoot E, Bonsall C, Lazar C, Grandal-d’Anglade A, Garralda MD, Drak L, Siska V, Simalcsik A, Boroneanţ A, Vidal Romaní JR, Vaqueiro Rodríguez M., Arias P, Pinhasi R, Manica A, Hofreiter M, Paleogenomic Evidence for Multi-generational Mixing between Neolithic Farmers and Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Lower Danube Basin. Curr. Biol 27, 1801–1810 (2017). - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Rohland N, Harney E, Mallick S, Nordenfelt S, Reich D, Partial uracil – DNA – glycosylase treatment for screening of ancient DNA. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B 370 (2015), doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0624. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Rohland N, Harney E, Mallick S, Nordenfelt S, Reich D, Partial uracil – DNA – glycosylase treatment for screening of ancient DNA. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London B 370 (2015), doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0624. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Mathieson I, Lazaridis I, Rohland N, Mallick S, Patterson N, Roodenberg SA, Harney E, Stewardson K, Fernandes D, Novak M, Sirak K, Gamba C, Jones ER, Llamas B, Dryomov S, Pickrell J, Arsuaga JL, de Castro JMB, Carbonell E, Gerritsen F, Khokhlov A, Kuznetsov P, Lozano M, Meller H, Mochalov O, Moiseyev V, Guerra MAR, Roodenberg J, Vergès JM, Krause J, Cooper A, Alt KW, Brown D, Anthony D, Lalueza-Fox C, Haak W, Pinhasi R, Reich D, Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians. Nature 528, 499–503 (2015). - PMC - PubMed

[4] Mathieson I, Lazaridis I, Rohland N, Mallick S, Patterson N, Roodenberg SA, Harney E, Stewardson K, Fernandes D, Novak M, Sirak K, Gamba C, Jones ER, Llamas B, Dryomov S, Pickrell J, Arsuaga JL, de Castro JMB, Carbonell E, Gerritsen F, Khokhlov A, Kuznetsov P, Lozano M, Meller H, Mochalov O, Moiseyev V, Guerra MAR, Roodenberg J, Vergès JM, Krause J, Cooper A, Alt KW, Brown D, Anthony D, Lalueza-Fox C, Haak W, Pinhasi R, Reich D, Genome-wide patterns of selection in 230 ancient Eurasians. Nature 528, 499–503 (2015). - PMC - PubMed

[5] Fu Q, Hajdinjak M, Moldovan OT, Constantin S, Mallick S, Skoglund P, Patterson N, Rohland N, Lazaridis I, Nickel B, Viola B, Prüfer K, Meyer M, Kelso J, Reich D, Pääbo S, An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor. Nature 524, 216–219 (2015). - PMC - PubMed

[6] Fu Q, Hajdinjak M, Moldovan OT, Constantin S, Mallick S, Skoglund P, Patterson N, Rohland N, Lazaridis I, Nickel B, Viola B, Prüfer K, Meyer M, Kelso J, Reich D, Pääbo S, An early modern human from Romania with a recent Neanderthal ancestor. Nature 524, 216–219 (2015). - PMC - PubMed

[7] Fu Q, Posth C, Hajdinjak M, Petr M, Mallick S, Fernandes D, Furtwängler A, Haak W, Meyer M, Mittnik A, Nickel B, Peltzer A, Rohland N, Slon V, Talamo S, Lazaridis I, Lipson M, Mathieson I, Schiffels S, Skoglund P, Derevianko AP, Drozdov N, Slavinsky V, Tsybankov A, Cremonesi RG, Mallegni F, Gély B, Vacca E, Morales MRG, Straus LG, Neugebauer-Maresch C, Teschler-Nicola M, Constantin S, Moldovan OT, Benazzi S, Peresani M, Coppola D, Lari M, Ricci S, Ronchitelli A, Valentin F, Thevenet C, Wehrberger K, Grigorescu D, Rougier H, Crevecoeur I, Flas D, Semal P, Mannino MA, Cupillard C, Bocherens H, Conard NJ, Harvati K, Moiseyev V, Drucker DG, Svoboda J, Richards MP, Caramelli D, Pinhasi R, Kelso J, Patterson N, Krause J, Pääbo S, Reich D, The genetic history of Ice Age Europe. Nature 534, 200–205 (2016). - PMC - PubMed

[8] Fu Q, Posth C, Hajdinjak M, Petr M, Mallick S, Fernandes D, Furtwängler A, Haak W, Meyer M, Mittnik A, Nickel B, Peltzer A, Rohland N, Slon V, Talamo S, Lazaridis I, Lipson M, Mathieson I, Schiffels S, Skoglund P, Derevianko AP, Drozdov N, Slavinsky V, Tsybankov A, Cremonesi RG, Mallegni F, Gély B, Vacca E, Morales MRG, Straus LG, Neugebauer-Maresch C, Teschler-Nicola M, Constantin S, Moldovan OT, Benazzi S, Peresani M, Coppola D, Lari M, Ricci S, Ronchitelli A, Valentin F, Thevenet C, Wehrberger K, Grigorescu D, Rougier H, Crevecoeur I, Flas D, Semal P, Mannino MA, Cupillard C, Bocherens H, Conard NJ, Harvati K, Moiseyev V, Drucker DG, Svoboda J, Richards MP, Caramelli D, Pinhasi R, Kelso J, Patterson N, Krause J, Pääbo S, Reich D, The genetic history of Ice Age Europe. Nature 534, 200–205 (2016). - PMC - PubMed

[9] González-Fortes G, Jones ER, Lightfoot E, Bonsall C, Lazar C, Grandal-d’Anglade A, Garralda MD, Drak L, Siska V, Simalcsik A, Boroneanţ A, Vidal Romaní JR, Vaqueiro Rodríguez M., Arias P, Pinhasi R, Manica A, Hofreiter M, Paleogenomic Evidence for Multi-generational Mixing between Neolithic Farmers and Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Lower Danube Basin. Curr. Biol 27, 1801–1810 (2017). - PMC - PubMed

[10] González-Fortes G, Jones ER, Lightfoot E, Bonsall C, Lazar C, Grandal-d’Anglade A, Garralda MD, Drak L, Siska V, Simalcsik A, Boroneanţ A, Vidal Romaní JR, Vaqueiro Rodríguez M., Arias P, Pinhasi R, Manica A, Hofreiter M, Paleogenomic Evidence for Multi-generational Mixing between Neolithic Farmers and Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherers in the Lower Danube Basin. Curr. Biol 27, 1801–1810 (2017). - PMC - PubMed

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The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years

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The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years

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