Black bear (Ursus americanus) bile composition: seasonal changes
- PMID: 9467890
- DOI: 10.1016/s0742-8413(97)00176-x
Black bear (Ursus americanus) bile composition: seasonal changes
Abstract
Gallbladder contents from 8 active and 14 dormant black bears were analyzed for individual bile acids by high-performance liquid chromatography and for cholesterol, phospholipids, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, iron, and copper. Only three bile acids occurring as taurine conjugates were detected: tauroursodeoxycholate, taurochenodeoxycholate, and taurocholate. The proportion of tauroursodeoxycholate to the sum of the three bile acids decreased. Calcium, cholesterol, phospholipids, magnesium, zinc, and copper concentrations were increased in dormancy. Standardized collection and handling procedures yielded more consistent data than previously available. The decrease in tauroursodeoxycholate and absence of deoxycholate and lithocholate are consistent with our working hypothesis that a marked reduction in metabolic activity of the gut flora is an integral part of the adaptation to metabolic stability of the dormant bear.
Similar articles
-
Plasma levels of ursodeoxycholic acid in black bears, Ursus americanus: seasonal changes.Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006 Jun;143(2):204-8. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2006.02.002. Epub 2006 Mar 6. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2006. PMID: 16571381
-
Studies of bile lipids and bile acids of wild North American black bears in Nova Scotia, showing a high content of ursodeoxycholic acid.J Surg Res. 1985 Feb;38(2):173-9. doi: 10.1016/0022-4804(85)90024-1. J Surg Res. 1985. PMID: 3968875
-
Elevated biliary calmodulin during gallstone formation: the role of bile acids.Dig Dis Sci. 1998 Jan;43(1):170-7. doi: 10.1023/a:1018852810678. Dig Dis Sci. 1998. PMID: 9508521
-
Model bile and bile salts accelerate mucin secretion by cultured dog gallbladder epithelial cells.Gastroenterology. 1995 Jul;109(1):264-74. doi: 10.1016/0016-5085(95)90293-7. Gastroenterology. 1995. PMID: 7797024
-
Effect of taurine conjugated bile salts with and without lecithin on water and electrolyte transport in the canine gallbladder in vivo.Gastroenterology. 1979 Apr;76(4):778-83. Gastroenterology. 1979. PMID: 422005
Cited by
-
Bile acids in treatment of ocular disease.J Ocul Biol Dis Infor. 2009 Sep;2(3):149-159. doi: 10.1007/s12177-009-9030-x. Epub 2009 Aug 27. J Ocul Biol Dis Infor. 2009. PMID: 20046852 Free PMC article.
-
Bile constituents in hibernating golden-mantled ground squirrels (Spermophilus lateralis).Comp Hepatol. 2009 May 26;8:2. doi: 10.1186/1476-5926-8-2. Comp Hepatol. 2009. PMID: 19470180 Free PMC article.
-
Restructuring of the Gut Microbiome by Intermittent Fasting Prevents Retinopathy and Prolongs Survival in db/db Mice.Diabetes. 2018 Sep;67(9):1867-1879. doi: 10.2337/db18-0158. Epub 2018 Apr 30. Diabetes. 2018. PMID: 29712667 Free PMC article.
-
Bear bile: dilemma of traditional medicinal use and animal protection.J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2009 Jan 12;5:2. doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-5-2. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2009. PMID: 19138420 Free PMC article.
-
Body Protein Sparing in Hibernators: A Source for Biomedical Innovation.Front Physiol. 2021 Feb 18;12:634953. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.634953. eCollection 2021. Front Physiol. 2021. PMID: 33679446 Free PMC article. Review.