Election of 1904

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BASICS

Category	Result
Incumbent	Theodore Roosevelt (R)
Prior streak	R (2)
Prior five elections	R (3), D (2)
Population	82,166,000
States	45
Electoral votes	476
Popular votes	13,519,039
Voter turnout	65.2%

FIELD OF QUALIFIED CANDIDATES

Candidate	Party	PI	Age	State	Position	Nom	Win	CS	ROP
Theodore Roosevelt	R	8.8	46.01	New York	President	X	X	85.72	97
Alton Parker	D	4.9	52.47	New York	State judge	X	—	66.33	135
William Randolph Hearst	D	5.5	41.51	New York	Journalist	—	—	24.45	44
Eugene Debs	SOC	2.9	48.99	Indiana	Movement leader	—	—	19.53	67
Francis Cockrell	D	7.0	70.08	Missouri	Senator	—	—	13.35	19

GENERAL ELECTION

Candidate	Party	SC	PV	PV%	EV	EV%	PV*EQ	EV*EQ
Theodore Roosevelt	R	32	7,625,599	56.41%	336	70.59%	56,406,369	380
Alton Parker	D	13	5,083,501	37.60%	140	29.41%	37,602,532	158
Eugene Debs	SOC	0	402,490	2.98%	0	0.00%	2,977,209	0

REGIONAL SPLITS

Candidate	Party	PV%	East	South	Midwest	West	EV	East	South	Midwest	West
Theodore Roosevelt	R	56.41%	58.70%	33.36%	60.69%	61.73%	336	137	0	160	39
Alton Parker	D	37.60%	36.96%	62.27%	32.01%	29.47%	140	7	133	0	0
Eugene Debs	SOC	2.98%	2.02%	0.81%	3.79%	6.39%	0	0	0	0	0

PV BY STATES

State	Total PV	Roosevelt	Parker	Debs	Other
Alabama	108,785	22,472	79,797	853	5,663
Arkansas	116,328	46,760	64,434	1,816	3,318
California	331,768	205,226	89,294	29,535	7,713
Colorado	243,667	134,661	100,105	4,304	4,597
Connecticut	191,136	111,089	72,909	4,543	2,595
Delaware	43,856	23,705	19,347	146	658
Florida	39,302	8,314	27,046	2,337	1,605
Georgia	130,986	24,004	83,466	196	23,320
Idaho	72,577	47,783	18,480	4,949	1,365
Illinois	1,076,495	632,645	327,606	69,225	47,019
Indiana	682,206	368,289	274,356	12,023	27,538
Iowa	485,703	307,907	149,141	14,847	13,808
Kansas	329,047	213,455	86,164	15,869	13,559
Kentucky	435,946	205,457	217,170	3,599	9,720
Louisiana	53,908	5,205	47,708	995	—
Maine	96,036	64,438	27,648	2,103	1,847
Maryland	224,229	109,497	109,446	2,247	3,039
Massachusetts	445,100	257,813	165,746	13,604	7,937
Michigan	520,443	361,863	134,163	8,942	15,475
Minnesota	292,860	216,651	55,187	11,692	9,330
Mississippi	58,721	3,280	53,480	462	1,499
Missouri	643,861	321,449	296,312	13,009	13,091
Montana	63,568	33,994	21,816	5,675	2,083
Nebraska	225,732	138,558	52,921	7,412	26,841
Nevada	12,115	6,864	3,982	925	344
New Hampshire	90,151	54,157	34,071	1,090	833
New Jersey	432,547	245,164	164,566	9,587	13,230
New York	1,617,765	859,533	683,981	36,883	37,368
North Carolina	207,818	82,442	124,091	124	1,161
North Dakota	70,179	52,595	14,273	2,009	1,302
Ohio	1,004,395	600,095	344,674	36,260	23,366
Oregon	89,656	60,309	17,327	7,479	4,541
Pennsylvania	1,236,738	840,949	337,998	21,863	35,928
Rhode Island	68,656	41,605	24,839	956	1,256
South Carolina	55,890	2,570	53,320	—	—
South Dakota	101,395	72,083	21,969	3,138	4,205
Tennessee	242,750	105,363	131,653	1,354	4,380
Texas	233,609	51,307	167,088	2,788	12,426
Utah	101,626	62,446	33,413	5,767	—
Vermont	51,888	40,459	9,777	859	793
Virginia	130,410	48,180	80,649	202	1,379
Washington	145,151	101,540	28,098	10,023	5,490
West Virginia	239,986	132,620	100,855	1,573	4,938
Wisconsin	443,440	280,314	124,205	28,240	10,681
Wyoming	30,614	20,489	8,930	987	208
Total	13,519,039	7,625,599	5,083,501	402,490	407,449

PV% BY STATES

State	PV winner	Roosevelt	Parker	Debs	Other
Alabama	Parker	20.66%	73.35%	0.78%	5.21%
Arkansas	Parker	40.20%	55.39%	1.56%	2.85%
California	Roosevelt	61.86%	26.92%	8.90%	2.33%
Colorado	Roosevelt	55.26%	41.08%	1.77%	1.89%
Connecticut	Roosevelt	58.12%	38.15%	2.38%	1.36%
Delaware	Roosevelt	54.05%	44.12%	0.33%	1.50%
Florida	Parker	21.15%	68.82%	5.95%	4.08%
Georgia	Parker	18.33%	63.72%	0.15%	17.80%
Idaho	Roosevelt	65.84%	25.46%	6.82%	1.88%
Illinois	Roosevelt	58.77%	30.43%	6.43%	4.37%
Indiana	Roosevelt	53.99%	40.22%	1.76%	4.04%
Iowa	Roosevelt	63.39%	30.71%	3.06%	2.84%
Kansas	Roosevelt	64.87%	26.19%	4.82%	4.12%
Kentucky	Parker	47.13%	49.82%	0.83%	2.23%
Louisiana	Parker	9.66%	88.50%	1.85%	—
Maine	Roosevelt	67.10%	28.79%	2.19%	1.92%
Maryland	Roosevelt	48.83%	48.81%	1.00%	1.36%
Massachusetts	Roosevelt	57.92%	37.24%	3.06%	1.78%
Michigan	Roosevelt	69.53%	25.78%	1.72%	2.97%
Minnesota	Roosevelt	73.98%	18.84%	3.99%	3.19%
Mississippi	Parker	5.59%	91.08%	0.79%	2.55%
Missouri	Roosevelt	49.93%	46.02%	2.02%	2.03%
Montana	Roosevelt	53.48%	34.32%	8.93%	3.28%
Nebraska	Roosevelt	61.38%	23.44%	3.28%	11.89%
Nevada	Roosevelt	56.66%	32.87%	7.64%	2.84%
New Hampshire	Roosevelt	60.07%	37.79%	1.21%	0.92%
New Jersey	Roosevelt	56.68%	38.05%	2.22%	3.06%
New York	Roosevelt	53.13%	42.28%	2.28%	2.31%
North Carolina	Parker	39.67%	59.71%	0.06%	0.56%
North Dakota	Roosevelt	74.94%	20.34%	2.86%	1.86%
Ohio	Roosevelt	59.75%	34.32%	3.61%	2.33%
Oregon	Roosevelt	67.27%	19.33%	8.34%	5.07%
Pennsylvania	Roosevelt	68.00%	27.33%	1.77%	2.91%
Rhode Island	Roosevelt	60.60%	36.18%	1.39%	1.83%
South Carolina	Parker	4.60%	95.40%	—	—
South Dakota	Roosevelt	71.09%	21.67%	3.10%	4.15%
Tennessee	Parker	43.40%	54.23%	0.56%	1.80%
Texas	Parker	21.96%	71.53%	1.19%	5.32%
Utah	Roosevelt	61.45%	32.88%	5.68%	—
Vermont	Roosevelt	77.97%	18.84%	1.66%	1.53%
Virginia	Parker	36.95%	61.84%	0.16%	1.06%
Washington	Roosevelt	69.96%	19.36%	6.91%	3.78%
West Virginia	Roosevelt	55.26%	42.03%	0.66%	2.06%
Wisconsin	Roosevelt	63.21%	28.01%	6.37%	2.41%
Wyoming	Roosevelt	66.93%	29.17%	3.22%	0.68%
Total	Roosevelt	56.41%	37.60%	2.98%	3.01%

EV BY STATES

State	Total EV	Roosevelt	Parker
Alabama	11	0	11
Arkansas	9	0	9
California	10	10	0
Colorado	5	5	0
Connecticut	7	7	0
Delaware	3	3	0
Florida	5	0	5
Georgia	13	0	13
Idaho	3	3	0
Illinois	27	27	0
Indiana	15	15	0
Iowa	13	13	0
Kansas	10	10	0
Kentucky	13	0	13
Louisiana	9	0	9
Maine	6	6	0
Maryland	8	1	7
Massachusetts	16	16	0
Michigan	14	14	0
Minnesota	11	11	0
Mississippi	10	0	10
Missouri	18	18	0
Montana	3	3	0
Nebraska	8	8	0
Nevada	3	3	0
New Hampshire	4	4	0
New Jersey	12	12	0
New York	39	39	0
North Carolina	12	0	12
North Dakota	4	4	0
Ohio	23	23	0
Oregon	4	4	0
Pennsylvania	34	34	0
Rhode Island	4	4	0
South Carolina	9	0	9
South Dakota	4	4	0
Tennessee	12	0	12
Texas	18	0	18
Utah	3	3	0
Vermont	4	4	0
Virginia	12	0	12
Washington	5	5	0
West Virginia	7	7	0
Wisconsin	13	13	0
Wyoming	3	3	0
Total	476	336	140

MARGINS AND FLIPS

State	PV winner	Runnerup	Gap (votes)	Gap (points)	Flip
Alabama	Parker	Roosevelt	57,325	52.70	28,663
Arkansas	Parker	Roosevelt	17,674	15.19	8,838
California	Roosevelt	Parker	115,932	34.94	57,967
Colorado	Roosevelt	Parker	34,556	14.18	17,279
Connecticut	Roosevelt	Parker	38,180	19.98	19,091
Delaware	Roosevelt	Parker	4,358	9.94	2,180
Florida	Parker	Roosevelt	18,732	47.66	9,367
Georgia	Parker	Roosevelt	59,462	45.40	29,732
Idaho	Roosevelt	Parker	29,303	40.38	14,652
Illinois	Roosevelt	Parker	305,039	28.34	152,520
Indiana	Roosevelt	Parker	93,933	13.77	46,967
Iowa	Roosevelt	Parker	158,766	32.69	79,384
Kansas	Roosevelt	Parker	127,291	38.69	63,646
Kentucky	Parker	Roosevelt	11,713	2.69	5,857
Louisiana	Parker	Roosevelt	42,503	78.84	21,252
Maine	Roosevelt	Parker	36,790	38.31	18,396
Maryland	Roosevelt	Parker	51	0.02	26
Massachusetts	Roosevelt	Parker	92,067	20.68	46,034
Michigan	Roosevelt	Parker	227,700	43.75	113,851
Minnesota	Roosevelt	Parker	161,464	55.13	80,733
Mississippi	Parker	Roosevelt	50,200	85.49	25,101
Missouri	Roosevelt	Parker	25,137	3.90	12,569
Montana	Roosevelt	Parker	12,178	19.16	6,090
Nebraska	Roosevelt	Parker	85,637	37.94	42,819
Nevada	Roosevelt	Parker	2,882	23.79	1,442
New Hampshire	Roosevelt	Parker	20,086	22.28	10,044
New Jersey	Roosevelt	Parker	80,598	18.63	40,300
New York	Roosevelt	Parker	175,552	10.85	87,777
North Carolina	Parker	Roosevelt	41,649	20.04	20,825
North Dakota	Roosevelt	Parker	38,322	54.61	19,162
Ohio	Roosevelt	Parker	255,421	25.43	127,711
Oregon	Roosevelt	Parker	42,982	47.94	21,492
Pennsylvania	Roosevelt	Parker	502,951	40.67	251,476
Rhode Island	Roosevelt	Parker	16,766	24.42	8,384
South Carolina	Parker	Roosevelt	50,750	90.80	25,376
South Dakota	Roosevelt	Parker	50,114	49.42	25,058
Tennessee	Parker	Roosevelt	26,290	10.83	13,146
Texas	Parker	Roosevelt	115,781	49.56	57,891
Utah	Roosevelt	Parker	29,033	28.57	14,517
Vermont	Roosevelt	Parker	30,682	59.13	15,342
Virginia	Parker	Roosevelt	32,469	24.90	16,235
Washington	Roosevelt	Parker	73,442	50.60	36,722
West Virginia	Roosevelt	Parker	31,765	13.24	15,883
Wisconsin	Roosevelt	Parker	156,109	35.21	78,055
Wyoming	Roosevelt	Parker	11,559	37.76	5,780
Total	Roosevelt	Parker	2,542,098	18.80	1,271,050

Sep	OCT	Mar
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