VOLUMe 70 • NUMber 1 jerUSALeM, ISrAeL • 2020 IEJ 69 (2019): 000 ‒ 000 ISrAeL eXPLOrATION jOUrNAL Published twice yearly by the Israel exploration Society and the Institute of Archaeology of the Hebrew University The Israel Exploration Journal is published with the assistance of Ethan Grossman, Washington DC Founders A. reifenberg, D. Amiran Former Editors Michael Avi-Yonah, Dan barag, jonas C. Greenfield, baruch A. Levine, Amihai Mazar, Miriam Tadmor Editorial Board Shmuel Aḥituv, Aren M. Maeir and Zeev Weiss, Editors Tsipi Kuper-blau, Executive Editor joseph Aviram, President, Israel Exploration Society Editorial Advisory Board Gideon Avni, Ofer bar-Yosef, Shlomo bunimovitz, Mordechai Cogan, Israel ephꜤal, baruch A. Levine, Amihai Mazar, ronny reich, Myriam rosen-Ayalon IEJ is now available online on jSTOr email: iej.editors@gmail.com books for review: Israel exploration journal, P.O.b. 7041, jerusalem 9107001, Israel Website and guidelines: http://israelexplorationsociety.huji.ac.il Copyright © 2020 Israel exploration Society ISSN 0021-2059 The editors are not responsible for opinions expressed by the contributors VOLUME 70 • NUMBER 1 • 2020 CONTeNTS 1 ITZHAQ SHAI and CHrIS MCKINNY: Canaanite Votive Offerings and Their Significance within Their Context at Tel burna 18 SArA LeVAVI-eILAT: Discarded Women: A New Theory on the Use of Late bronze Age Plaque Figurines of the Southern Levant 36 MITKA r. GOLUb: In the Name of the Father: Patronyms in Iron Age II Hebrew epigraphy 49 NOAM ArNON, DAVID beN-SHLOMO and HANS MOMMSeN: Iron Age Pottery from the Cave of the Patriarchs at Hebron 64 SeAN DUGAW, ODeD LIPSCHITS and GUY D. STIebeL: A New Typology of Arrowheads from the Late Iron Age and Persian Period and Its Historical Implications 90 SHLOMIT WeKSLer-bDOLAH and LeAH DI SeGNI: A Latin epitaph of a Soldier from Magen’s excavations in Damascus Gate and the burial Grounds of jerusalem between 70 and 130 Ce 99 rONNY reICH and YUVAL bArUCH: A Note on the Date of the Stone Collapse at the Western Wall of the Temple Mount 106 OreN TAL and MICHAL PIASeTZKY-DAVID: Inscribed Spindle Whorls from a byzantine burial Cave at Yavne-Yam, Israel 114 reVIeWS 126 bOOKS reCeIVeD — 2019 Page layout by Avraham Pladot Typesetting by Irit Nachum, jerusalem Printed by Old City Press, jerusalem ABBREVIATIONS AASOR Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research ADAJ Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan AJA American Journal of Archaeology AfO Archiv für Orientforschung ANET Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament3, ed. J.B. Pritchard, Princeton, 1969 BA The Biblical Archaeologist BASOR Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research BT Babylonian Talmud CAD Chicago Assyrian Dictionary CIS Corpus Inscriptionum Semiticarum DJD Discoveries in the Judaean Desert DSD Dead Sea Discoveries EI Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies ESI Excavations and Surveys in Israel IAA Reports Israel Antiquities Authority Reports IEJ Israel Exploration Journal JAOS Journal of the American Oriental Society JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JCS Journal of Cuneiform Studies JEA Journal of Egyptian Archaeology JNES Journal of Near Eastern Studies KAI W. Donner and W. Röllig: Kanaanäische und aramäische Inschriften 1–3, Wiesbaden, 1962–1964; 15, 2002 NEAEHL The New Encyclopedia of Archaeological Excavations in the Holy Land (English Edition), Jerusalem, 1993 PEQ Palestine Exploration Quarterly PT Palestinian Talmud QDAP Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine RA Revue d’Assyriologie et d’Archéologie Orientale RB Revue Biblique RE Pauly-Wissowa’s Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft RQ Revue de Qumran VT Vetus Testamentum ZA Zeitschrift für Assyriologie ZDPV Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION RATES 2020: $73 including postage or equivalent payable to The Israel exploration Society, P.O.b 7041, jerusalem 9107001, Israel. email: ies@vms.huji.ac.il Subscribers are entitled to a 25% reduction on the publications of the Society. Please give full name and postal address and notify IeS of change of address Single issue: $37 or equivalent A New Typology of Arrowheads from the Late Iron Age and Persian Period and Its Historical Implications* Sean Dugaw Oded Lipschits Guy D. Stiebel Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv University ABSTRACT: The origin and dissemination of socketed copper-alloy ‘Scythian’ arrowheads throughout the ancient Near East has been a matter of much scholarly interest and debate. Here we present the first comprehensive study of the temporal and geographic distribution of such arrowheads from the Southern Levant. Several previously unnoticed patterns with historical implications for the late Iron Age and the Persian and Hellenistic periods are discussed. The accompanying typology developed for the purpose of this research should further facilitate excavators’ ability to cross-reference new finds against parallels in the existing corpus to date. Numerous socketed copper-alloy arrowheads, typically referred to as ‘Scythian’ arrowheads, have been found at late Iron Age, Persian period and Hellenistic sites throughout the Southern Levant. These arrowheads are characterized by sockets with which to affix the arrowhead to the shaft of the arrow, and they exhibit either two blades, three blades, or a solid pyramidal point. Those found in the Southern Levant have been almost exclusively of the three-bladed and pyramidal varieties, the former of which also falls into a class of arrowheads known interchangeably as trilobate or trefoil. Some ‘Scythian’ arrowheads have a flat socket, i.e., the end of the socket terminates in a straight line with the triangular base of the blade, while others have a prominent socket, i.e., the end of the socket projects downward. Variations include different blade shapes and sizes, ranging from short and thick to long and narrow. To date, no comprehensive study has been carried out on their morphological variations and their geographic and chronological appearance in the Southern Levant. Consequently, many questions regarding the historical implications of these finds have not yet been addressed. Were specific types associated with particular historical time periods, foreign armies and/or administration — Assyrian, Babylonian, or Persian? In order to address these questions, a typology was developed on the basis of detailed measurements and variations in form. This data was then arranged in order to focus separately on each arrowhead type’s geographic and temporal * This article is based on Sean Dugaw’s M.A. thesis, under the supervision of Profs. Oded Lipschits and Guy Stiebel, submitted to Tel Aviv University in 2017. IEJ 70 (2020): 64 ‒ 89 64