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. 2002 Jun;95(6):311-3.
doi: 10.1177/014107680209500617.

Darwin in the world of emotions

John Black  1
Affiliations

Darwin in the world of emotions

John Black. J R Soc Med. 2002 Jun.
No abstract available

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Figures

<i>Figure 1</i>
Figure 1
Normal expressions and the effects of galvanic stimulation. 1, 2, 3 and 5 portray spontaneous ‘moderate laughter or smiling’. 4 is the subject's normal expression and 6 shows the effect of galvanic stimulation. In his contribution to the 3rd edition of Darwin's book, Prodger says that 2 is Beatrice, daughter of Dr George Wallich (1815-1899) who took the photograph. 1 and 2 are by Oscar Rejlander (1813-1875). 4, 5 and 6 are by Duchenne. Duchenne's subject was chosen partly because he had defective cutaneous sensation in the face, permitting stimulation of the facial muscles without involuntary responses in other muscles, and allowing the lengthy stimulation necessary for photography at that time
<i>Figure 2</i>
Figure 2
A disappointed and sulky chimpanzee
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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References

    1. Darwin C. The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, 3rd edn. (Introduction, afterword and commentaries by Paul Ekman. Essay on the history of the illustrations by Phillip Prodger.) London: Fontana, 1999
    1. Darwin C. In: Barlow Nora, ed. The Autobiography of Charles Darwin. London: Collins 1958: 47
    1. Darwin C. A biographical sketch of an infant. Mind 1877;7: 285-93
    1. Down JL. Observations on an ethnic classification of idiots. London Hosp Rep 1862;3: 259-62
    1. Lorenz K. Preface. In: The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, by Charles Darwin. London: Phoenix Books, 1965: ix-xiii

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