Fig. 3. Multi-way admixture in Eastern Europe.
Mixing percentages (pie graphs) and dates (white text) inferred using the strongest admixture “direction” for 6 eastern European groups: Belarus (BE), Bulgaria (BU), Hungary (HU), Lithuania (LI), Poland (PO), Romania (RO), analyzed when disallowing copying from nearby groups, and Greece (GR), analyzed using the full set of 94 donors. Mixing percentages indicate percentages for three geographic regions: “N. Europe” (Northwest Europe and East Europe from clades of Table S11; blue), “Southern” (South Europe and West Asia; red) and “N.E.Asia” (Northeast Asia and Yakut; purple, also given above each pie), plus “other” (grey). All groups except Greece show evidence (p<0.05) of multi-way admixture involving sources along the approximate directions show by the arrows. Coancestry curves (black lines) for Bulgaria, fitted with an exponential decay curve (green lines), exemplify this multi-way signal. Each pairing of the three donor groups, each a proxy for the admixture source from a different region (Norway: N/E Europe, Oroqen: NE Asia, Greece: S. Europe and W. Asia), exhibits negative correlation (a dip) in ancestry weights at short genetic distances, implying at least three identifiably distinct ancestral sources mixing (approximately) simultaneously (9).