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Non-political Iran–Israel relations
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    Iran-Israel non-political relations are a series of events that occurred between Iran and Israel after the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution.

    Visa

    [edit]

    The Islamic Republic of Iran does not issue visas to Israeli passport holders or citizens of other countries who have an entry stamp for Israel in their passports.[1] On occasion, however, some Israeli reporters and journalists have traveled to Iran. Among these people are Annika Hernroth-Rothstein,[2][3] Orly Azoulay,[4][5][6] and Larry Cohler-Esses.[7][8]

    Iranian citizens need to obtain special permission from the Israeli government to enter Israel. This permission is granted on a case-by-case basis and after security checks.[1] However, in specific cases, Iran and Israel have ignored these regulations. The current Chief Rabbi of Iran, Yehuda Gerami, studied at the Atriz Yisroel Yeshiva in Jerusalem.[9] The son of Masoud Derakhshan, a full professor of economics at Allameh Tabataba'i University, and one of the Saeed Jalili's advisors namely Jamshid Derakhshan, studied in Israel.[9]

    In the past few years, to solve the problem of the entry stamp for Israel in the passport, the entry stamp is not placed in the passport but on another sheet so that those traveling to Israel do not have problems traveling to other countries.[1]

    Commercial

    [edit]

    Marc Rich

    [edit]
    Main article: Israeli support for Iran during the Iran–Iraq war

    In 1979, with the changes in the Iranian government, the sale of Iranian crude oil abroad faced a serious problem. At this time, Israeli-Switzerland businessman Marc Rich entered Iran through his company Glencore and established many business relationships with the new Iranian government.[10] Marc Rich became Iran's most important oil broker in the international arena for 15 years. According to Marc Rich in his autobiography, he was transporting Iranian oil to Israel through a secret pipeline.[11] He has claimed that both the Iranian and Israeli governments were aware of this trade.[12] He played a very important role in providing weapons and ammunition to the Iranian government during the Iran-Iraq War. Because of his extensive business dealings with Iran during the hostage-taking at the US embassy, the US government convicted him of 65 crimes, including embezzlement and violating sanctions against Iran.[13] For years, he was on the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) list of ten most wanted criminals. In 2001, on the last day of office, Bill Clinton pardoned Marc Rich. According to many reports, former Mossad chiefs Anwar Azoulay and Shabtai Shavit played an important role in his pardon, and this pardon was due to Marc Rich's extensive activities for Israel and his help in providing information for Mossad.[14]

    Pistachio market

    [edit]

    On February 6, 1998, the Seattle Times newspaper published an article stating that Israeli pistachio imports from Iran were causing the decline of American pistachios in Israel. According to the report, California pistachio farmers were unhappy that Israel was importing pistachios from Iran. According to this report, half of Israel's pistachios are imported from England and Germany, even though these two countries are not pistachio producers. Asadollah Asgaroladi (an Iranian businessman) said in this article about this business: "This is easily possible." The report also mentions that in 1997, the Israeli government fined "Hamama Brothers company" for importing 105 tons of pistachios from Iran in 1994 and 1995.[15] In 2007, the "Ynetnews newspaper" reported again that the US government had asked the Israeli government to prevent widespread imports of pistachios from Iran.[16] In 2008, "Richard Jones", the US ambassador to Israel, wrote a letter to Israeli Economy Minister "Rani Bar-On" calling for a halt to the import of pistachios from Iran.[17] The Haaretz newspaper also reported on this matter in a similar article.[18]

    Other businesses

    [edit]

    In 1998, the Israeli government sentenced Israeli businessman "Nahum Minbar" to 16 years in prison for extensive trade with Iran. During the investigation of this case, it was revealed that hundreds of Israeli companies have extensive trade with Iran.[19] In 2006, the Haaretz newspaper reported in an article that the Paz refinery in Israel purchases most of its crude oil from Iran. The article states that crude oil is transported via Iran to the Netherlands and via Rotterdam to Israel.[20] According to another report in the Haaretz newspaper, Israeli Energy Minister Binyamin Ben-Eliezer said: "Any trade relationship established with belligerent countries that benefits the Israeli economy will stabilize the region."[21]

    Agriculture and livestock

    [edit]

    In an article in the "Northern California Jewish Bulletin" in 1988, Rabbi Mordechai Eliyahu said that his last indirect contact with Ruhollah Khomeini (The first democratic leader and founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran)[22] was during the Iran-Iraq War, when Iranians were unable to obtain meat that had been slaughtered according to Islamic or Jewish customs, because the Iranians would not eat meat that had not been slaughtered according to Islamic or Jewish customs (Halal meats). Mordechai Eliyahu continued: Ruhollah Khomeini was willing to pay 30 times the normal price to import meat from Israel.[23]

    In a 2011 article in the "Ynetnews newspaper", it was written that trade between Iran and Israel is very extensive. According to this article, most of the exchanges take place through Turkey, Jordan, and Dubai. "Yehoshua Miri", head of the "Israel-Arab Friendship Organization", said in this regard: "Contrary to what it seems on the surface, our trade relationship with Iran is worth tens of millions of US dollars per year." According to this report, most of Iran's exports to Israel are pistachios, cashews, and marble. Meanwhile, most of Israel's exports to Iran are agricultural supplies such as seeds, fertilizer, irrigation pipes, and milk-enhancing hormones. "Eran Sivo", head of Israeli marble imports, said in this regard: "The Iranians offered me to sell marble through Turkey at a very low price, but I refused." The same report continues by stating that in November 2000, the Iranian government requested that the Israeli employer who had installed Tehran's sewage system 30 years earlier, enter Iran for an inspection. At the same time, the "Deputy Minister of Planning and Economic Affairs of the Ministry of Agriculture Jihad" also visited Tel Aviv and stayed at the Hilton Tel Aviv Hotel. He expressed his desire to purchase irrigation equipment from Israel.[24]

    In April 2009, it was revealed that several hundred tons of oranges branded by an Israeli company had entered Iran through Dubai, with the permission of the "Iranian Ministry of Commerce", and by one of the main fruit importers in Iran, and were distributed in the Iranian cities of Tehran and Karaj.[25][26]

    Crude oil

    [edit]

    On May 24, 2011, the United States government announced that it had sanctioned seven foreign companies, including an Israeli company called Ofer Brothers Group, for "supplying Iranian petroleum products." The name of the Israeli company appears among the sanctioned companies even though Iran and Israel have not had any official relations with each other since the Iranian Islamic Revolution of 1979.[27][28]

    Banks

    [edit]

    In 2016, Bloomberg News reported that Mahmoud Reza Khavari, the former head of the Melli Bank of Iran and a fugitive defendant in the embezzlement case of 3 trillion tomans, had a long-term business relationship with Iranian-Israeli-Canadian businessman Sam Mizrahi. According to this report, "Khashayar Khavari" (son of Mahmoud Reza Khavari), when his father was the head of the Melli Bank, invested in several projects owned by the Sam Mizrahi in Toronto, Canada, including the "Forest Hill Jewish Synagogue", and it is likely that the capital for these projects was provided from embezzled funds.[29]

    Shipping

    [edit]

    In May 2011, Israeli media reported that the "Pacific Tanker - Public Joint Stock Company", owned by Sam Ofer of the Ofer Brothers Shipping Company, delivered an oil tanker named "Raffles Park" to the Islamic Republic of Iran Shipping Company in 2010 and sold it to Iran.[30][31]

    Internet

    [edit]

    In December 2011, Bloomberg News reported that most of the Internet filtering equipment in Iran was purchased from Israeli companies. According to this report, the filtering equipment was transported from Israel to Denmark and from there to Tehran. According to the report, the name of this system is "Net Enforcer". According to an assessment by an American computer expert, this system allows spying on any device connected to the Internet. According to this report, these devices were manufactured by the Israeli company Allot Communications.[32]

    Medical

    [edit]

    In 1984, the Los Angeles Times reported that a close relative of Ruhollah Khomeini had traveled to Jerusalem, Israel, for treatment.[33] In 1987, Arabic newspapers and the Washington Post reported that a very close relative of Ruhollah Khomeini had traveled to Hadassah Medical Center in Israel for treatment. Dr. Saul Feldman, the director of the center, stated in an interview with the Washington Post that Iranian officials regularly visit the center and that part of the hospital is known as the Iranian branch.[34]

    In 2008, an Iranian teenager suffering from brain tumor traveled to Israel via Turkey and was treated at Sheba Medical Center in central Tel Aviv. The Israeli government issued a special unlimited visa through its embassy in Turkey to this patient and his family, despite them holding an Islamic Republic passport.[35]

    Construction

    [edit]

    Meir Javedanfar, an Iranian Jew living in Israel, wrote in a report in Al-Monitor in 2013 that, according to an article in the newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth in 2006, the Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran had allowed Israeli experts to visit earthquake-stricken areas. According to the report, Israeli experts were in Tehran during Passover 2006. According to this report, the reason of the Islamic Republic for acceptance of these Israelis, was that most of the bridges in that area had been built by Israeli specialists during the ruling of the Pahlavi dynasty.[36]

    Sport

    [edit]

    Currently, Iranian athletes are not allowed by the Islamic Republic government to compete with Israeli athletes.[37] Before the 1979 Iranian revolution, Iran and Israel competed in sports, and for example, in football, Iran and Israel played five official matches against each other. After the Iranian Revolution, in 1983, Greco-Roman wrestler Bijan Seifkhani defeated his opponent from the Israeli team, Robinson Konashvili, in the "World Champion Freestyle and Greco-Roman Wrestling" competition in Kiev, Ukraine. After the news was relayed to Tehran, Ali Akbar Velayati, the then Iranian Minister of Foreign Affairs, invited the freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestling team to Iran. The Iranian freestyle wrestling team returns to Iran empty-handed with a clear chance of winning the gold for Mahmoud Kadkhodaei, so the Bijan Seifkhani fight will be considered the first and last official competition between the two countries in sports competitions after the Iranian revolution of 1979.[38]

    After changes in the rules and statutes of the International Olympic Committee, the practice of not confronting each other out of fear of disqualifications and fines completely changed. After this, Iranian athletes mostly avoid facing Israeli athletes, using excuses such as injury, not receiving visas, or via losing in a match to an Israeli opponent without engagement.[39]

    Ali Akbar Velayati, Chairman of the Founding Board and Board of Trustees of Islamic Azad University, said in a ceremony commemorating Student Day at the Faculty of Engineering, West Tehran Branch of the university on December 5, 2017, that he initiated the practice of not playing against Israeli athletes, and that he was proud to be the initiator of this initiative in the country. These statements were in response to the widespread criticism from Velayati regarding Alireza Karimi's defeat at the 2017 World Hopes Wrestling Championships.[40]

    The table below shows a number of times that Iranian athletes have not faced with their Israeli competitor.

    Date Athlete/Team Name Sport field Competition names How/Result
    2001 Saleh Mirzaei Chess International Junior Chess Tournament
    2003 Student futsal team Futsal World Student Competitions
    2003 National Blind Goalball Team Goalball International tournament
    2004 Arash Miresmaeili Judo 2004 Summer Olympics
    • Failure to appear in weightlifting due to severe back pain and elimination before the start of the competition
    • Receive a reward of one hundred million tomans[41]
    • Naming a street to him after Arash Miresmaeili[42]
    • 5-year ban from all management positions by the World Judo Federation Disciplinary Committee
    2004 Vahid Hashemian Football UEFA Champions League
    • Not playing against the Israeli football team Maccabi in the return match due to injury
    • Non-renewal of contract
    2005 Iran's Hope National Basketball Team Basketball Youth Basketball World Cup in Argentina
    • Failure to send the national team of hope to be grouped with Israel after 58 years of waiting to qualify for the tournament on the pretext of not receiving a visa
    • Financial penalties and bans for Iranian basketball[43]
    2005 Vahid Sarlak Judo World Judo Championships
    • Forced to lose to avoid the possibility of competing with the Israeli representative
    • The government's promise to give Sarlak a house and a car that was not fulfilled yet
    • Sarlak's asylum in Germany[44]
    2006 Abbas Ali Akbari Tug of war At the World Tug of War Championships
    2006 Gholamhossein Zulqadar Taekwondo Croatia Tournament
    2007 Farkhunde Soleimani Table tennis Table tennis tournament
    2008 Mohammad Alirezaei Swimming (One hundred meters breaststroke) Beijing Olympics
    2009 Mohammad Khamseh Taekwondo Junior World Cup
    2008 Ashkan Dejagah Football UEFA European Under-21 Championship Qualifiers
    • Not accompanying the German national team on the trip to Tel Aviv to play against the Israeli national team
    • Widespread controversy in Germany
    2010 Hamed Sedaghati Fencing French world championships, Épée weapon[45]
    2010 Seyed Hossein Abedi Fencing French world championships, Épée weapon[45]
    2010 Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi Fencing France's world championships, Feloore's weapon[45]
    2010 Hamed Siad Ghanbari Fencing France's world championships, Feloore's weapon[45]
    2010 Hossein Khodadadi Weightlifting 2010 World Senior Championships in Poland
    • Winning the runner-up position in the 105 kg weight category and in the age group of 35 to 39 years, while representing Israel became the champion.[46]
    • Going on stage and not shaking hands with an Israeli opponent
    • Lifetime ban from sports activities[47][48]
    2011 Bashir Babajanzadeh Wrestling World Wrestling Championships
    • Failure to continue the fight to avoid meeting an Israeli opponent in the semi-finals under the pretext of injury
    2011 Peyman Yarahmadi Wrestling World Junior Championships in Hungary
    • Not fighting against an Israeli opponent under the pretext of medical rest[49]
    2012 Alireza Mahjoob Judo London Olympic
    • Not being sent to the competition after the Israeli representative appeared in his weight class
    2013 Alireza Karimi Wrestling World Youth Championships in Bulgaria
    • Absence from the mat leads to Israeli athlete winning silver medal
    • Iran's team ranking drops from second to third place
    2013 Amir Ghasemi Nejad Judo Tbilisi Grand Prix International Competitions
    • Elimination from the classification match
    • Satisfying fifth place[50]
    2015 Ehsan Ghaem Maghami Chess International Open Chess Tournament, Basel, Switzerland Elimination from the competition[51]
    2016 Alireza Khojasteh Judo Rio Olympic
    • Not being sent to the competition due to family problems after the Israeli representative appeared in his weight class[52]
    • Israeli athlete eliminated in the first round
    2016 Erfan Ayini Wrestling World Junior Open Championships in France
    • Not fighting against an Israeli opponent in the first round and being eliminated from the tournament[53]
    2016 Mahdi Hashemi Wrestling World Junior Open Championships in Georgia
    • Not fighting against an Israeli opponent in the first round and being eliminated from the tournament[54]
    2016 Alireza Khojasteh Judo Baku Grand Prix
    • Not competing against an Israeli opponent and qualifying for the losers' group
    • Failure to compete against an Israeli opponent in the losers' group and elimination from the tournament
    2017 Ali Pakdaman Fencing Madrid Fencing World Cup Not fighting against an Israeli opponent in the first round and being eliminated from the tournament[55]
    2017 Ehsan Ghaem Maghami Chess World Chess Championship Corsica France Elimination from the competition[56]
    2017 Afshin Norouzi and Hamid Ahmadian Table tennis World Ping Pong Championship in Germany Elimination from the competition[57]
    2017 Amirkabir Khuzestan Sugarcane Agriculture and Industry Workers' Football Team Football World Labor Championships in Latvia
    • Failure to face the Israeli football team in the semi-finals and elimination from the tournament[58]
    • Iran's candidacy in the technical committee of any discipline is blocked[59]
    2017 Ehsan Hajsafi and Masoud Shojaei Football Europa League qualifiers
    • The Islamic Republic of Iran's request for a confession letter was rejected by Masoud Shojaei, who was removed from the Iranian national football team.
    2017 Alireza Karimi Wrestling World Youth Championship in Poland
    • A convenient loss to the Russian opponent to avoid facing an Israeli opponent[60]
    • Not fighting against an Israeli opponent in the losers' bracket resulted in an Israeli athlete winning the bronze medal
    • Iran's team ranking drops from third to eighth place
    2018 Aryan Gholami Chess Swedish Railton Cup Blitz Losing one point in this match and finishing runner-up with 7 points (the French representative won with 8 points)[61][62]
    2018 Saeid Mollaei Judo World Championships Japan 2019
    • Participate in competitions as a world number one ranking holder
    • A convenient loss to Belgium to avoid facing an Israeli opponent[63]
    • A convenient loss to the Georgian opponent to avoid being on the podium with the Israeli opponent[64]
    • Applying for asylum in Germany and applying to participate in the 2020 Olympics as a refugee team[65][66]
    2018 Mohammad Mohammadi Judo World Championships Japan 2019
    • Not being sent to the competition on the pretext of not being issued a visa after the presence of an Israeli representative in his weight class[64][67][68]
    • Mohammadi, the world bronze medalist, retired from sports at the age of 26, a year before the 2020 Olympics.[69]

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ a b c "دولت اسرائیل برای روزنامه‌نگار ایرانی 'پناهندگی ویژه صادر می‌کند'" [Israeli government 'issues special asylum' to Iranian journalist]. BBC News فارسی (in Persian). Retrieved 29 January 2025.
    2. ^ "Jewish journey to Iran" [سفر یهودیان به ایران]. YouTube. 6 April 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
    3. ^ "Totalitarian Terror in Tehran" [ترور توتالیتر در تهران]. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
    4. ^ Hoge, Warren (24 March 2007). "Saudi Arabia Bars Israeli Journalist Traveling With U.N. Chief" [عربستان سعودی سفر روزنامه نگار اسرائیلی با رئیس سازمان ملل را ممنوع کرد]. The New York Times. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
    5. ^ "خبرنگار اسرائیلی: به عشق دیدن اصفهان به ایران رفتم" [Israeli journalist: I went to Iran for the love of seeing Isfahan] (in Persian). 14 April 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
    6. ^ "وزیر ارشاد: خبرنگار اسرائیلی با دغل‌کاری وارد ایران شده بود" [Minister of Guidance: Israeli journalist entered Iran through deception] (in Persian). 13 April 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
    7. ^ "A Jewish Journalist's Exclusive Look Inside Iran" [نگاه اختصاصی یک روزنامه نگار یهودی به داخل ایران]. 12 August 2015. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
    8. ^ Gladstone, Rick (12 August 2015). "Reporting From Iran, Jewish Paper Sees No Plot to Destroy Israel" [روزنامه یهودی در گزارشی از ایران هیچ نقشه‌ای برای نابودی اسرائیل نمی‌بیند]. The New York Times. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
    9. ^ a b "Behind the Persian Curtain" [پشت پرده ایرانی]. 23 March 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
    10. ^ Kohn, George C. (2001). The New Encyclopedia of American Scandal [دایره المعارف جدید رسوایی آمریکایی]. Infobase Publishing. p. 330.
    11. ^ Dattel, Lior. "Marc Rich, the Man Who Sold Iranian Oil to Israel" [مارک ریچ، مردی که نفت ایران را به اسرائیل فروخت]. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
    12. ^ Rankin, Jennifer (26 June 2013). "Marc Rich: controversial commodities trader and former fugitive dies aged 78" [مارک ریچ: تاجر جنجالی کالا و فراری سابق در سن ۷۸ سالگی درگذشت]. The Guardian. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
    13. ^ "Marc Rich, king of commodities, died on June 26th, aged 78" [مارک ریچ، پادشاه کالا، در ۲۶ ژوئن در سن ۷۸ سالگی درگذشت.]. The Economist. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
    14. ^ "Clinton Pardon of Rich a Saga of Power, Money and Influence" [کلینتون ثروتمندان قدرتمند و با نفوذ را عفو کرد، آن هم به خاطر پول و پارتی‌بازی]. Los Angeles Times. 18 February 2001. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
    15. ^ "Iran's Pistachio Sales In Israel Drive U.S. Farmers Nuts" [فروش پسته ایران در اسرائیل کشاورزان ایالات متحده را برانگیخته است]. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    16. ^ "US asks Israel to stop importing pistachio from Iran" [آمریکا از اسرائیل خواست واردات پسته از ایران را متوقف کند]. 21 November 2007. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    17. ^ "US envoy slams Israel over 'illegal importation of pistachios'" [انتقاد نماینده آمریکا از اسرائیل به دلیل واردات غیرقانونی پسته]. 15 June 2008. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    18. ^ "U.S. Demands Israel Crack Down on Illegal Iranian Pistachio Imports" [ایالات متحده از اسرائیل خواست تا با واردات غیرقانونی پسته ایران برخورد کند]. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    19. ^ "Hundreds of Israeli companies have extensive trade with Iran" [صدها شرکت اسرائیلی دارای تجارت گسترده با ایران هستند]. CNN. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    20. ^ "הקשר האיראני של אהוד אולמרט וקונדוליזה רייס" [Ehud Olmert's Iranian connection Condoleezza Rice] (in Hebrew). Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    21. ^ "פז נכנסת לנעלי דור-אלון: על סף חתימת הסכם לזיקוק נפט עבור הרשות הפלשתינית" [Paz steps into Dor-Alon's shoes: on the verge of signing an agreement to refine oil for the Palestinian Authority]. הארץ (in Hebrew). Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    22. ^ "The Fundamentals of Iran's Islamic Revolution" [مبانی انقلاب اسلامی ایران]. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    23. ^ "Northern California Jewish bulletin (San Francisco, Calif.), Volume 138, Number 8, 3 March 1989" [پژوهنامه یهودیان کالیفرنیای شمالی (سانفرانسیسکو، کالیفرنیا)، جلد ۱۳۸، شماره ۸، ۳ مارس ۱۹۸۹]. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    24. ^ "Israel-Iran trade ties thriving" [روابط تجاری اسرائیل و ایران پر رونق است]. 31 May 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    25. ^ "عرضه پرتقال اسرائیلی در تهران" [Israeli oranges on sale in Tehran] (in Persian). Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    26. ^ "جزئیات توزیع گسترده پرتقال اسرائیلی در تهران!" [Details of the widespread distribution of Israeli oranges in Tehran!] (in Persian). 25 April 2009. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    27. ^ "آمریکا هفت شرکت را به دلیل "تأمین فراورده‌های نفتی ایران" تحریم کرد" [US sanctions seven companies for "supplying Iranian petroleum products"] (in Persian). 24 May 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    28. ^ "آمریکا مجازات‌های جدیدی علیه برنامه اتمی ایران وضع کرد" [US imposes new sanctions against Iran's nuclear program] (in Persian). 24 May 2011. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
    29. ^ "The Condo Feud That Erupted Between an Iranian Fugitive and a Toronto Mogul" [دعوای کاندو که بین یک ایرانی فراری و یک مغول تورنتو شکل گرفت]. Bloomberg News. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
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    31. ^ "Netanyahu's office denies Israeli firm had permission to trade with Iran" [دفتر نتانیاهو مجوز شرکت اسرائیلی برای تجارت با ایران را تکذیب کرد]. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    32. ^ "Israel Didn't Know Tech Gear Was Sent to Iran Via Denmark" [اسرائیل نمی‌دانست که تجهیزات فنی از طریق دانمارک به ایران فرستاده شده است]. Bloomberg News. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    33. ^ "Khomeini Kin Treated in Israel, Paper Says" [مقاله می‌نویسد که یکی از خویشاوندان خمینی در اسرائیل درمان شد]. Los Angeles Times. 28 February 1985. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    34. ^ "KHOMEINI RELATIVE IN ISRAEL?" [بستگان خمینی در اسرائیل؟]. The Washington Post. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    35. ^ "یک نوجوان ایرانی در اسرائیل بستری شد" [An Iranian teenager was hospitalized in Israel]. رادیو فردا (in Persian). 11 October 2008. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    36. ^ "Was Ariel Sharon Israel's Secret Channel to Iran?" [آیا آریل شارون کانال مخفی اسرائیل به ایران بود؟]. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    37. ^ "ماجرای ماده ممنوعیت مبارزه با ورزشکاران اسرائیلی و حذف آن چه بود؟!" [What was the story behind the article banning fighting with Israeli athletes and its removal?!] (in Persian). 18 May 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    38. ^ "از کی قرار شد با اسرائیل مسابقه ندهیم؟" [Since when did we decide not to compete with Israel?] (in Persian). 28 November 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    39. ^ "رویارویی ایران و اسرائیل؛ میوه ممنوعه جهان ورزش" [Iran-Israel confrontation: the forbidden fruit of the sports world] (in Persian). 12 November 2009. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    40. ^ "ولایتی: افتخار می‌کنم پایه‌گذار بازی‌ نکردن ورزشکاران‌ ایرانی با رژیم‌ صهیونیستی هستم" [Velayati: I am proud to be the founder of Iranian athletes not playing with the Zionist regime] (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    41. ^ "چرا مجلس ایران پرهیز از رویارویی ورزشی با اسرائیل را قانون نکرد؟" [Why didn't the Iranian parliament pass a law banning sports confrontation with Israel?] (in Persian). 19 May 2020. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    42. ^ "نگرانی دایمی ورزشکاران ایرانی از رو به رو شدن با اسراییل" [Iranian athletes' constant worry about facing Israel] (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    43. ^ "بسکتبالیستهای ایرانی حاضر به مسابقه با تیم اسرائیل نشدند" [Iranian basketball players refused to play against the Israeli team]. رادیو فردا (in Persian). 28 November 2006. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    44. ^ "Iranian athletes refuse to compete against Israel" [ورزشکاران ایرانی حاضر به مسابقه با اسرائیل نشدند]. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    45. ^ a b c d "خودداری شمشیربازان ایران از رویارویی با رژیم اشغالگر قدس" [Iranian fencers refuse to confront the occupying regime of Jerusalem] (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    46. ^ "خدادادی: نمی‌خواستم روی سکو بروم" [Khodadadi: I didn't want to go on the podium.] (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    47. ^ "Iran: Don't Stand with Israelis" [ایران: در کنار اسرائیلی‌ها قرار نگیرید]. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    48. ^ "خاکسپاری نائب قهرمان جهان در وزنه‌برداری پیشکسوتان" [Burial of the Vice World Champion in Veteran Weightlifting] (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    49. ^ "اشک‌های پیمان یاراحمدی کشتی‌گیر ایرانی در سال ۲۰۱۱ برای انصراف اجباری از مبارزه با حریف اسراییلی" [Iranian wrestler Peyman Yarahmadi's tears in 2011 after being forced to withdraw from a fight with an Israeli opponent] (in Persian). 24 August 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    50. ^ "مقام پنجمی امیر قاسمی نژاد در جایزه بزرگ تفلیس/حمایت" [Amir Ghasemi Nejad's fifth place in the Tbilisi Grand Prix/Support] (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    51. ^ "امتناع احسان قائم مقامی از رقابت با شطرنج باز رژیم اشغالگر قدس" [Ehsan Ghaem Magami refuses to compete with chess player of the occupying regime in Jerusalem] (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    52. ^ "دلیل انصراف علیرضا خجسته جودوکار تیم ملی از حضور در المپیک" [Reason for Alireza Khojasteh, a judoka from the national team, withdrawing from the Olympics] (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    53. ^ "بدشانسی‌بزرگ برای نابغه کشتی ایران؛ آیینی به کشتی‌گیر رژیم صهیونیستی خورد" [Great misfortune for the Iranian wrestling genius; a ritual was performed on the Zionist wrestler] (in Persian). 3 September 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    54. ^ "سید مهدی هاشمی مقابل حریف اسرائیلی حاضر نشد" [Seyyed Mahdi Hashemi did not show up to face his Israeli opponent] (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    55. ^ "جام جهانی شمشیربازی-مادرید؛ عابدینی نهم جهان شد؛ پاکدامن به نماینده رژیم صهیونیستی خورد" [Fencing World Cup-Madrid; Abedini ranked ninth in the world; Pakdaman picked to the representative of the Israeli regime] (in Persian). 20 May 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    56. ^ "مسابقات جهانی شطرنج کورسیکا" [Corsica World Chess Championship] (in Persian). 26 October 2011. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    57. ^ "افشین نوروزی و امین احمدیان در پینگ پنگ قهرمانی جهان با تیم اسراییل مسابقه ندادند و از جدول مسابقات حذف شدند" [Afshin Norouzi and Amin Ahmadian did not compete with the Israeli team in the World Ping Pong Championship and were eliminated from the tournament] (in Persian). 30 May 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    58. ^ "سرمربی تيم فوتبال كشت و صنعت نيشكر: به عشق شهدا با رژيم صهيونيستی بازی نكرديم" [Head coach of the Sugarcane Farming and Industry Football Team: We did not play with the Zionist regime out of love for the martyrs] (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    59. ^ "لابی صهیونیستی مانع عضویت ایران در کمیته‌های فنی فدراسیون جهانی ورزش کارگری شد" [Zionist lobby prevents Iran from joining the technical committees of the International Federation of Labor Sports] (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    60. ^ "باخت در مقابل روسیه بخاطر قرار نگرفتن در مقابل حریف اسرائیلی" [Losing to Russia due to not facing an Israeli opponent] (in Persian). 27 November 2017. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    61. ^ "نایب قهرمانی آرین غلامی در برق‌آسای سوئد در پی امتناع از رویارویی با شطرنج‌باز اسرائیلی" [Arian Gholami runner-up in Swedish blitz after refusing to face Israeli chess player] (in Persian). 4 January 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    62. ^ "غلامی: از مردم مظلوم فلسطین دفاع کردم / هدفم مهم‌تر از هر عنوانی است" [Gholami: I defended the oppressed people of Palestine / My goal is more important than any title] (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    63. ^ "جودو قهرمانی جهان؛ شکست مشکوک سعید مولایی در نیمه نهایی" [World Judo Championship; Suspicious defeat of Saeed Molaei in the semifinals] (in Persian). 28 August 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    64. ^ a b رستم‌پور, مهدی (29 August 2019). "داستان ناکامی سعید ملایی و اولین طلای جودوی مردان جهان برای اسرائیل" [The story of Saeed Mollaei's failure and Israel's first world men's judo gold]. رادیو فردا (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    65. ^ فردا, رادیو (31 August 2019). "سعید ملایی، جودوکار ایرانی، در آلمان اعلام پناهندگی کرد" [Iranian judoka Saeed Mollaei declares asylum in Germany]. رادیو فردا (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    66. ^ "سعید مولایی، قهرمان جودوی جهان در آلمان تقاضای پناهندگی داد" [Saeed Molaei, world judo champion, applies for asylum in Germany]. Deutsche Welle (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    67. ^ "پس از اعزام نشدن به مسابقات به دلیل احتمال رقابت با حریف اسرائیلی؛ جودوکار ایرانی از تیم ملی خداحافظی کرد" [Iranian judoka says goodbye to national team after not being sent to tournament due to potential competition with Israeli opponent] (in Persian). 26 August 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    68. ^ "خداحافظی بریمانلو از دنیای جودو" [Brimanloo's farewell to the world of judo] (in Persian). 22 August 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2025.
    69. ^ رستم‌پور, مهدی (26 August 2019). ""اعزام نمی‌شوی چون حریف اسرائیلی داری"؛ جودوکار ایرانی از ورزش خداحافظی کرد" ["You won't be sent because you have an Israeli opponent"; Iranian judoka bids farewell to the sport]. رادیو فردا (in Persian). Retrieved 27 February 2025.
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