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Romania was represented at the Eurovision Song Contest 2005 with the song "Let Me Try", written by Cristian Faur, and performed by Luminița Anghel and Sistem. The Romanian participating broadcaster, Televiziunea Română (TVR), organised the national final Selecția Națională 2005 in order to select its entry for the contest. Controversy surrounded the national final, as runner-up Loredana accused TVR of vote rigging.
Prior to Eurovision, "Let Me Try" was promoted by a music video and coverage in press, among other endeavours by TVR. Romania reached first place in the contest's semi-final with 235 points. This resulted in its qualification for the Grand Final, where it achieved third place with 158 points. This remains the country's best result in the contest, alongside 2010 entry. During Romania's show, Anghel performed to the song in front of Sistem, who contributed to the track's instrumentation by drumming on oil barrels and using side cutters and a grinding wheel. Following Eurovision, "Let Me Try" achieved commercial success in Romania, peaking at number nine on the Romanian Top 100. In addition, Anghel's participation in the contest led to record deal proposals from various countries including the Netherlands, Hungary, Germany, and England. (Full article...)
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"On a Sunday" is a song recorded by Romanian singer Ester Peony. It was independently released for digital download and streaming as a single on 17 January 2019. Ioana Victoria Badea wrote the lyrics, while Peony composed the music alongside Alexandru Șerbu. Musically, the track is a mid-tempo blues, R&B, soul and 2000s-influenced electropopballad backed by percussion, guitar, synthesizers and trance beats. Its lyrics discuss a failed relationship and include Peony reflecting upon a former love interest and the futile idea that he might return. Observers likened the track to the American folk song "The Wayfaring Stranger".
"On a Sunday" represented Romania in the Eurovision Song Contest 2019 in Tel Aviv, Israel, after winning the pre-selection show Selecția Națională. The country failed to qualify for the final, marking their second and consecutive year to achieve this result. During a large portion of Peony's acclaimed goth-inspired performance, Peony was singing from a red armchair while accompanying dancers enacted a battle between good and evil visually amplified by various dark graphics showed on the LED screens. The show was the first one in Romania's Eurovision participation history to be significantly invested in by the Romanian Television (TVR), with costs amounting to a reported 100,000 euros. (Full article...)
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"Morena" (also known under the title of "Morena My Love") is a song by Romanian producer Tom Boxer and singer Antonia for Boxer's third studio album of the same name (2010) and the latter's first record This Is Antonia (2015). Written and produced solely by Boxer, the song was released in October 2009. Boxer came up with it in Greece, waiting for his order to arrive at a restaurant. A music critic from Viva magazine praised "Morena" for its catchiness and simple structure. The song also received an award in the Best Dance category at the 2010 Romanian Music Awards.
An accompanying music video for the track was released on 19 February 2010, featuring Antonia making out with a woman after leaving a bar she performed at. The clip aroused controversy for its portrayal of lesbianism, but attained heavy airplay in Romania and Poland. "Morena" was performed on multiple occasions, including on X Factor Bulgaria in 2011. On several concert dates, Antonia was replaced with other singers due to her pregnancy at the time. Commercially, the single went on to reach number two on native Romanian Top 100 and the top ten on Bulgarian, Hungarian and Polish charts. (Full article...)
Upon its release, the album received positive reviews from music critics, who commended that Inna showcased her versatility as an artist, but noted the songs lacked innovation and were similar to her past material. To promote Nirvana, three singles, "Gimme Gimme", "Ruleta", and "Nirvana", preceded the record in 2017, to commercial success in some European countries. "Ruleta" notably reached number three in Romania. The album itself failed to impact any country's charts. (Full article...)
"Pe-o margine de lume" represented Romania in the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest in Belgrade, Serbia after winning the pre-selection show Selecția Națională; their win caused several controversies. The song was also suspected of plagiarising "La magia del corazón" (2002) by David Bustamante, prompting the set up of a commission to analyze both tracks. In Belgrade, Romania qualified to the final and finished in 20th place with 45 points, one of the country's lowest placements in the contest. "Pe-o margine de lume" was promoted by endeavours in Belgium, Spain, Cyprus, Moldova and Ukraine, and by the release of an accompanying music video, shot by Petre Năstase, portraying Nico and Vlad at a beach and in an abandoned stone pit. The track won awards at the 2008 Marcel Bezençon and at the 2009 Radio România Actualități Awards. (Full article...)
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"Miami" is a song recorded by Romanian producer and disc jockey Manuel Riva featuring guest vocals from Romanian singer Alexandra Stan. It released on 6 March 2018 by Roton and Forward Music Agency. Riva produced the song, and wrote it with Cristian Sorin Ochiu. He worked on the track during the songwriting camp Tabăra Internaţională de Muzică TIC (International Music Camp TIC) held in Romania in 2017. A Latin-inspired track, "Miami" lyrically talks about freedom and emotional expression.
A music critic from CelebMix gave a positive review of the song, praising the lyrics, production and Stan's vocal delivery. Commercially, "Miami" experienced moderate success on record charts, reaching the top ten on the Romanian Airplay 100, in Bulgaria, and on Billboard'sDance Club Songs component chart, as well as number 44 on the Hot Dance/Electronic Songs ranking also compiled by the same publication. It was aided by a music video released onto Roton's official YouTube channel on 16 March 2018. Shot by Bogdan Păun in the United States, it shows two male and female characters dancing and interacting with a masked man. "Miami" was used as the anthem for the 2018 Neversea Festival. (Full article...)
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"Te Vas" (English: "You Go" or "You Leave") is a song by Romanian singer Inna, digitally released on 31 May 2019 by Global Records as the fifth single from her sixth studio album Yo (2019). It was written by Inna and Cristina Maria Chiluiza, while production was handled by Sebastian Barac, Marcel Botezan, David Ciente and Alexandru Cotoi. A Spanish-language house song reminiscent of Inna's past material, the track lyrically discusses the bond between two separated lovers.
An accompanying music video for "Te Vas" was uploaded onto Inna's YouTube channel on 30 May 2019. Directed by Bogdan Păun, it features the singer and Dragoș Istvan performing a mixture of contemporary dance and acrobatics, representing an on-and-off relationship. For further promotion, Inna performed "Te Vas" for Romanian radio station Kiss FM in June 2019. The track peaked at number 36 on Romania's Airplay 100 chart. It was included in a The Baker and the Beauty episode. (Full article...)
After Alexander Aldea died in 1436, Vlad seized Wallachia with Hungarian support. Following the death of Sigismund of Luxembourg in 1437, Hungary's position weakened, causing Vlad to pay homage to Murad II, which included participating in Murad II's invasion of Transylvania in the summer of 1438. John Hunyadi, Voivode of Transylvania, came to Wallachia to convince Vlad to join a crusade against the Ottomans in 1441. After Hunyadi routed an Ottoman army in Transylvania, the sultan ordered Vlad to come to Edirne where he was captured in 1442. Hunyadi invaded Wallachia and made Vlad's cousin, Basarab II, voivode. (Full article...)
Music critics were generally positive towards the dance nature of "Nirvana", and predicted its commercial success, although some felt it was inferior to her previous work. An accompanying music video was uploaded onto Inna's official YouTube channel simultaneously with the single's release to positive response from reviewers. Shot by Bogdan Păun of production team NGM Creative, the clip was noted to have no plot. It makes use of neon lighting and features Inna wearing outfits from different brands. For further promotion, the singer performed "Nirvana" for native radio stations and appeared on Vocea României. Commercially, the single reached the top three in Romania and Serbia and the top ten in Turkey. (Full article...)
The Raid on Constanța was an attack by the Soviet Black Sea Fleet on the Romanian port of Constanța on 26 June 1941, shortly after the beginning of Operation Barbarossa, the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, and resulted in the only encounter between major warships in the Black Sea during World War II. The attack was intended to be a coordinated effort between the fleet's ships and aircraft to split the attention of the defenders, but the bombers did not attack at the designated times.
Two destroyer leaders were ordered to bombard the port in the early morning, covered by a cruiser and a destroyer. They caused some damage, but they were engaged by Axis coastal artillery and several Romanian ships. The two destroyer leaders were slightly damaged and withdrew under fire, steaming into a Romanian minefield; one of the destroyer leaders was sunk and the cruiser was damaged by the mines as they departed the area. (Full article...)
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Mai bună ca niciodată (Romanian: Better than Ever) is the only studio album recorded by Romanian actress, television host and singer Oana Zăvoranu under her mononym Oana. It was released on 28 June 2007 by Roton and Sincron. Zăvoranu had gained significant popularity in her native country in the early 2000s for her acting roles, but took a hiatus in 2006 to focus on a music career and parted ways with the television production company Media Pro.
Mai bună ca niciodată features production by Adrian Cristescu, who was also a contributing songwriter along with Georgiana Ariton, Sabina Cojocar, Dan Lazăr and Silviu Păduraru. "Pusă pe fapte" and "Cariño" featuring Cristescu under his stage name Adi Korekt were selected as singles to support the album, with the latter receiving an accompanying music video and peaking at number 99 on the Romanian Top 100chart. (Full article...)
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The "real-life Mitică", in a 1909 cartoon by Ion Theodorescu-Sion: his derelict home vs. his fashionable lifestyle Mitică (Romanian pronunciation:[miˈtikə]) is a fictional character who appears in several sketch stories by Romanian writer Ion Luca Caragiale. The character's name is a common hypocoristic form of Dumitru or Dimitrie (Romanian for Demetrius). He is one of the best-known figures in Caragiale's 1901 collection Momente şi schiţe, as well as in Romanian humor at large. Mitică is a male resident of Bucharest whose background and status are not always clear, generally seen as an allegory of the average Bucharester or through extension, inhabitants of Romania's southern regions—Wallachia and Muntenia. According to accounts, he was based on a resident of Sinaia, whom Caragiale had befriended.
Caragiale used Mitică as a stock character to feature in satirical contexts; the biographical insights he provided are short and often contradict each other. Among Mitică's traits are his tendency to generate sarcastic comebacks and sententious catchphrases, a Francized speech, as well as inclinations to waste time and easily find his way out of problematic situations. His existence is connected to events in the history of Bucharest which he occasionally references in his jokes. Like Lache and Mache, who are present in Caragiale's fiction, the character is usually portrayed as a civil servant who has a hard time making ends meet, but who is well liked by his peers. (Full article...)
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"Eu cred" (English: "I believe") is a song recorded by Romanian singer Mălina Olinescu. It was recorded at the TVR Music Studio in Bucharest, and was released as a CD single in 1998 by Mega Music in Romania. The release also contained "You Live", the English-language version of the song. "Eu cred" was written by Liliana Ștefan, while production was handled by Adrian Romcescu [ro].
The track represented Romania in the Eurovision Song Contest 1998 in Birmingham, United Kingdom after winning the pre-selection show Selecția Națională. In Birmingham, Romania automatically qualified to the final due to their relegation in the previous year and finished in 22nd place with six points. This remains one of Romania's worst results ever in the contest. Commercially, "Eu cred" failed to impact any national chart. (Full article...)
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"10 Minutes" is a song recorded by Romanian singer Inna for her debut studio album, Hot (2009), featuring Romanian trio Play & Win. It was released as the fifth and final single from the record on 25 January 2010. Written and produced by Play & Win members Sebastian Barac, Radu Bolfea and Marcel Botezan, "10 Minutes" is a synth-pop and electropop track stylized to fit the style of music consumed in the United States. Its style was also regarded as a departure from her past work by both Inna and one critic.
Reviewers praised "10 Minutes" and deemed it one of Inna's highlights in her career. The song was aided by an accompanying music video uploaded on 26 June 2010 onto the singer's YouTube channel. Shot by British director Paul Boyd in London, United Kingdom, it mainly portrays Inna residing at a club with fellow background dancers. For further promotion, Inna also performed "10 Minutes" on several occasions, including at the 2010 Romanian Music Awards and during her own Inna: Live la Arenele Romane gig in Bucharest, Romania in 2011. Commercially, the song was a modest hit, reaching the top 20 in a few countries. (Full article...)
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The Bolokhovians, Bolokhoveni or Bolokhovens (Romanian: Bolohoveni; Old Slavic: Болоховци, Bolokhovtsy) were a 13th-century ethnic group that resided in the vicinity of the principalities of Galicia, Volhynia and Kiev, in the territory known as the "Bolokhovian Land [hr; ru; uk]" centered at the city of Bolokhov or Bolokhovo (not identified yet). Their ethnic identity is uncertain; although Romanian scholars, basing on their ethnonym identify them as Romanians (who were called Vlachs in the Middle Ages), archeological evidence and the Hypatian Chronicle (which is the only primary source that documents their history) suggest that they were a Slavic people. Their princes, or knyazes, were in constant conflict with Daniel, the prince of Galicia–Volhynia, between 1231 and 1257. After the Mongols sacked Kiev in 1240, the Bolokhovians supplied them with troops, but the Bolokhovian princes fled to Poland. The Bolokhovians disappeared after Daniel defeated them in 1257. (Full article...)
A vampire is a mythical creature that subsists by feeding on the vital essence (generally in the form of blood) of the living. In European folklore, vampires are undead humanoid creatures that often visited loved ones and caused mischief or deaths in the neighbourhoods which they inhabited while they were alive. They wore shrouds and were often described as bloated and of ruddy or dark countenance, markedly different from today's gaunt, pale vampire which dates from the early 19th century.
Maxim recorded his professional debut for the reserve team of Espanyol in 2009, and also had a loan spell at Badalona before returning to Romania with Pandurii Târgu Jiu in 2011. His display prompted a move to Germany at the start of 2013, where he amassed Bundesliga totals of 140 games and 14 goals representing VfB Stuttgart and Mainz 05. After seven years in the latter country, Maxim joined Turkish side Gaziantep in 2020, initially on loan. (Full article...)
... that scholar Axinte Frunză wanted Romania to join the Central Powers in 1916, espousing "a vision that was profoundly anti-statist (with hints of anarchism), populist, and virulently anti-Russian"?
... that Romanian poet Dimitrie Stelaru said that he once traveled to Paris by truck, adding "I hardly remember anything, I was drunk the whole time"?
... that Romanian adventure novelist N. D. Popescu-Popnedea "generate[d] laughter" with his deposition at a political assassin's trial?
...that Romania's Palace of Parliament, despite the building process not being completely finished, is the biggest building in Europe and the second-largest building in the world?
Image 26A 19th century depiction of Dacian women (from History of Romania)
Image 27One of the greatest existence of Dacia (from History of Romania)
Image 28The Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia in 1786, Italian map by G. Pittori, since the geographer Giovanni Antonio Rizzi Zannoni (from History of Romania)
Image 29The foundation of the First Bulgarian Empire (from History of Romania)
Image 37Romania has seen its largest waves of protests against judicial reform ordinances of the PSD-ALDE coalition during the 2017–2019 Romanian protests (from History of Romania)
Image 39Ethnic map of Greater Romania according to the 1930 census. Sizeable ethnic minorities put Romania at odds with Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Soviet Union throughout the interwar period. (from History of Romania)
Image 40The map that shows the Dacian invasion of Boii and Taurisci (from History of Romania)
Image 66Proclamation of Union between Transylvania and Romania (from History of Romania)
Image 67Bran Castle (German: Törzburg, Hungarian: Törcsvár) built in 1212, is commonly known as Dracula's Castle and is situated in the center of present-day Romania. In addition to its unique architecture, the castle is famous because of persistent myths that it was once the home of Vlad III Dracula. (from History of Romania)
Image 79Romania after the territorial losses of 1940. The recovery of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina was the catalyst for Romania's entry into the war on Germany's side. (from History of Romania)
Image 80Map of Romania after World War II indicating lost territories (from History of Romania)
Image 821941 stamp depicting a Romanian and a German soldier in reference to the two countries' common participation in Operation Barbarossa, the text below reads the holy war against Bolshevism (from History of Romania)
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