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Communist Party of Kazakhstan (Soviet Union)

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For the post-Soviet banned party, see Communist Party of Kazakhstan.
Communist Party of Kazakhstan
Қазақстан Коммунистік партиясы (Kazakh)
Коммунистическая партия Казахстана (Russian)
AbbreviationQKP
First leaderLevon Mirzoyan
Last leaderNursultan Nazarbayev
Founded5 December 1936;
88 years ago (1936-12-05)
Dissolved7 September 1991;
33 years ago (1991-09-07)
Succeeded bySocialist Party (de jure)
Communist Party (de facto)
IdeologyCommunism
Marxism–Leninism
National affiliationCommunist Party of the Soviet Union
Colours  Red

The Communist Party of Kazakhstan (QKP; Kazakh: Қазақстан Коммунистік партиясы, Qazaqstan Kommunistık Partiasy) was the ruling and sole legal political party in the Kazakh SSR.[1]

Origin

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The Communist Party of Kazakhstan was founded 1936, when Kazakhstan was granted a Union Republic status within the Soviet Union. The Communist Party of Kazakhstan had been a branch of Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) until the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

April 24, 1990 from Art. 6 of the Constitution of the Kazakh SSR, the provision on the monopoly of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan on power was excluded.[2]

Post-Soviet restructuring

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The 18th Congress of the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, held on September 7, 1991, decided to dissolve the party.[3] The Socialist Party was created on its basis.[4][5] Nursultan Nazarbayev, chairman of the party, resigned after the failure of the August putsch in Moscow.[6] Dissatisfied members of the old Communist Party recreated the Communist Party of Kazakhstan in October 1991 at the 19th Congress of the party.

First Secretaries

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No. Chairman
(birth–death) 		Term of office Political party Ref
Portrait Name Took office Left office Time in office
1 Levon Mirzoyan
Левон Мирзоян
(1897–1939) 		23 April 1937 23 May 1938 1 year, 30 days Communist
(Bolsheviks) 		—
Oversaw early famine relief and collectivization; arrested in 1938 during Great Purge and executed in February 1939.
2 Nikolay Skvortsov
Николай Скворцов
(1899–1974) 		23 May 1938 23 July 1945 7 years, 61 days Communist
(Bolsheviks) 		—
Guided the republic through wartime mobilization relocating factories during World War II and post‑war reconstruction.
3 Gennady Borkov
Геннадий Борков
(1905–1983) 		23 July 1945 22 June 1946 334 days Communist
(Bolsheviks) 		—
Served briefly in the immediate post‑war period during demobilization; little else is documented about his short tenure.
4 Zhumabay Shayakhmetov
Жұмабай Шаяхметов
(1902–1966) 		22 June 1946 6 February 1954 7 years, 229 days Communist
(Bolsheviks) 		—
First ethnic Kazakh in the post; removed in February 1954 under Khrushchev's reorganizations amid allegations of corruption.
5 Panteleimon Ponomarenko
Пантелеймон Пономаренко
(1902–1984) 		6 February 1954 7 May 1955 1 year, 90 days Communist —
Transferred from Byelorussian SSR as a transitional figure after Stalin's death; served just over a year before being reassigned.
6 Leonid Brezhnev
Леонид Брежнев
(1906–1982) 		8 May 1955 6 March 1956 303 days Communist —
Promoted from Second Secretary to lead Virgin Lands campaign and Baikonur development; recalled to Moscow in March 1956 after disappointing harvests.
7 Ivan Yakovlev
Иван Яковлев
(1910–1999) 		6 March 1956 26 December 1957 1 year, 295 days Communist —
Elevated from Second to First Secretary during the Khrushchev Thaw; oversaw de‑Stalinization measures and defense‑industry conversion.
8 Nikolai Belyaev
Николай Беляев
(1903–1966) 		26 December 1957 19 January 1960 2 years, 24 days Communist —
Noted for advancing agricultural and economic policies; dismissed in January 1960 due to a downturn in agricultural output and the harsh suppression of the 1959 Temirtau riots.
9 Dinmukhamed Kunaev
Дінмұхамед Қонаев
(1912–1993) 		19 January 1960 26 December 1962 2 years, 341 days Communist —
—
10 Ismail Yusupov
Ысмайыл Юсупов
(1914–2005) 		26 December 1962 7 December 1964 1 year, 347 days Communist —
Succeeded Kunaev amid Khrushchev's regional reshuffling; initiated the transfer of several South Kazakhstan regions to the Uzbek SSR and was later dismissed at Brezhnev's suggestion.
11 Dinmukhamed Kunaev
Дінмұхамед Қонаев
(1912–1993) 		7 December 1964 16 December 1986 22 years, 9 days Communist —
After a brief hiatus (replaced in 1962), he returned to lead for over 22 years overseeing massive industrialization and former Virgin Lands efforts and was removed in December 1986 by Gorbachev, causing the Jeltoqsan protests.
12 Gennady Kolbin
Геннадий Колбин
(1927–1998) 		16 December 1986 22 June 1989 2 years, 188 days Communist —
Appointed by Gorbachev as an outsider with no prior work in Kazakhstan; his imposition sparked the Jeltoqsan protests.
13 Nursultan Nazarbayev
Нұрсұлтан Назарбаев
(1940–) 		22 June 1989 28 August 1991 2 years, 67 days Communist —
Last First Secretary; oversaw the exclusion of Article 6 (ending one‑party monopoly) on 24 October 1990 and the transition to the Presidency in April 1990 before office was abolished in September 1991.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Коммунистическую партию Казахстана ликвидировали по решению суда
  2. ^ Закон Казахской ССР от 24 апреля 1990 г. «Об учреждении поста Президента Казахской ССР и внесении изменений и дополнений в Конституцию (Основной Закон) Казахской ССР»
  3. ^ Постановление Конституционного Суда РФ от 30 ноября 1992 г. N 9-П
  4. ^ Компартии Казахстана дали шанс уйти красиво, и она его использовала
  5. ^ Ro'i, Yaacov (2004). Democracy and Pluralism in Muslim Eurasia. Frank Cass. p. 157. ISBN 9781135775766.
  6. ^ Назарбаев вышел из партии
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