Melanocortin 5 receptor
| MC5R | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | MC5R, MC2, Melanocortin 5 receptor | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 600042; MGI: 99420; HomoloGene: 4321; GeneCards: MC5R; OMA:MC5R - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MC5R gene.[5][6] It is located on the chromosome 18 in the human genome.[6] When the MC5R was disrupted in transgenic mice, it induced disruption of their exocrine glands and resulted in decreased production of sebum.[7]
Physiology
[edit]MC5R is necessary for normal sebum production.[7][8][9] Stimulation of MC5R promotes fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle[10] and lipolysis in adipocytes.[11] MC5R is essential for erythrocyte differentiation.[12] MC5R is involved in inflammation.[13][14] MC5R helps maintain thermal homeostasis.[8][15] Stimulation of the MC5R in skeletal muscle causes glucose uptake[16]. In vitro, MC5R agonism is cardioprotective [17][18] and kidney protective [19][20].
MC5R is expressed in the brain at different levels depending on physical activity.[21]
Pheromones
[edit]MC5R is heavily expressed in the preputial gland in mice (a modified sebaceous gland involved in pheromone production). MC5R deficiency in male mice decreases aggressive behavior, promotes defensive behavior and encourages other male mice to attack MC5R-deficient males through pheromonal signals.[22][23][24]
MRAP
[edit]Melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein (MRAP) traps MC5R protein inside cells.[25]
Evolution
[edit]Source:[26]
- MC4R
- MC3R
- MC1R
- MC2R
- S1PR1
- LPAR1
- S1PR3
- GPR12
- LPAR2
- GPR3
- S1PR2
- GPR6
- GPR119
- LPAR3
- CNR1
- S1PR5
- S1PR4
- CNR2
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000176136 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000007480 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ Chhajlani V, Muceniece R, Wikberg JE (September 1993). "Molecular cloning of a novel human melanocortin receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 195 (2): 866–873. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1993.2125. PMID 8396929.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: MC5R melanocortin 5 receptor".
- ^ a b Thiboutot D, Sivarajah A, Gilliland K, Cong Z, Clawson G (October 2000). "The melanocortin 5 receptor is expressed in human sebaceous glands and rat preputial cells". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 115 (4): 614–619. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00094.x. PMID 10998132.
- ^ a b Chen W, Kelly MA, Opitz-Araya X, Thomas RE, Low MJ, Cone RD (December 1997). "Exocrine gland dysfunction in MC5-R-deficient mice: evidence for coordinated regulation of exocrine gland function by melanocortin peptides". Cell. 91 (6): 789–798. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80467-5. PMID 9413988. S2CID 6251691.
- ^ Zhang L, Li WH, Anthonavage M, Pappas A, Rossetti D, Cavender D, et al. (June 2011). "Melanocortin-5 receptor and sebogenesis". European Journal of Pharmacology. 660 (1): 202–206. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.10.100. PMID 21215742.
- ^ An JJ, Rhee Y, Kim SH, Kim DM, Han DH, Hwang JH, et al. (February 2007). "Peripheral effect of alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone on fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 282 (5): 2862–2870. doi:10.1074/jbc.M603454200. PMID 17127674.
- ^ Møller CL, Raun K, Jacobsen ML, Pedersen TÅ, Holst B, Conde-Frieboes KW, et al. (July 2011). "Characterization of murine melanocortin receptors mediating adipocyte lipolysis and examination of signalling pathways involved" (PDF). Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. 341 (1–2): 9–17. doi:10.1016/j.mce.2011.03.010. PMID 21616121. S2CID 31837693.
- ^ Simamura E, Arikawa T, Ikeda T, Shimada H, Shoji H, Masuta H, et al. (April 2015). "Melanocortins contribute to sequential differentiation and enucleation of human erythroblasts via melanocortin receptors 1, 2 and 5". Plos One. 10 (4): e0123232. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1023232S. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123232. PMC 4393082. PMID 25860801.
- ^ Lee DJ, Taylor AW (October 2013). "Both MC5r and A2Ar are required for protective regulatory immunity in the spleen of post-experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice". Journal of Immunology. 191 (8). Baltimore, Md.: 4103–4111. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1300182. PMC 3796047. PMID 24043903.
- ^ Jun DJ, Na KY, Kim W, Kwak D, Kwon EJ, Yoon JH, et al. (April 2010). "Melanocortins induce interleukin 6 gene expression and secretion through melanocortin receptors 2 and 5 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes". Journal of Molecular Endocrinology. 44 (4): 225–236. doi:10.1677/JME-09-0161. PMC 3058511. PMID 20089716.
- ^ Lute B, Jou W, Lateef DM, Goldgof M, Xiao C, Piñol RA, et al. (August 2014). "Biphasic effect of melanocortin agonists on metabolic rate and body temperature". Cell Metabolism. 20 (2): 333–345. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.021. PMC 4126889. PMID 24981835.
- ^ Enriori PJ, Chen W, Garcia-Rudaz MC, Grayson BE, Evans AE, Comstock SM, et al. (October 2016). "α-Melanocyte stimulating hormone promotes muscle glucose uptake via melanocortin 5 receptors". Molecular Metabolism. 5 (10): 807–822. doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.07.009. PMC 5034615. PMID 27688995.
- ^ Trotta MC, Maisto R, Alessio N, Hermenean A, D'Amico M, Di Filippo C (2018-10-26). "The Melanocortin MC5R as a New Target for Treatment of High Glucose-Induced Hypertrophy of the Cardiac H9c2 Cells". Frontiers in Physiology. 9: 1475. doi:10.3389/fphys.2018.01475. ISSN 1664-042X. PMC 6212602. PMID 30416452.
- ^ Suominen A, Saldo Rubio G, Ruohonen S, Szabó Z, Pohjolainen L, Ghimire B, et al. (2024-03-07). "α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone alleviates pathological cardiac remodeling via melanocortin 5 receptor". EMBO Reports. 25 (4): 1987–2014. doi:10.1038/s44319-024-00109-6. ISSN 1469-3178. PMC 11014855. PMID 38454158.
- ^ Chen B, Alam Z, Ge Y, Dworkin L, Gong R (2022-06-01). "Pharmacological Melanocortin 5 Receptor Activation Attenuates Glomerular Injury and Proteinuria in Rats With Puromycin Aminonucleoside Nephrosis". Frontiers in Physiology. 13: 887641. doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.887641. ISSN 1664-042X. PMC 9198460. PMID 35721571.
- ^ Chen B, Chen M, Chang M, Ge Y, Gunning W, Assaly R, et al. (May 2025). "Melanocortin 5 receptor signaling protects against podocyte injury in proteinuric glomerulopathies". Kidney International. 107 (5): 835–851. doi:10.1016/j.kint.2025.01.009. PMID 39862971.
- ^ Shukla C, Britton SL, Koch LG, Novak CM (July 2012). "Region-specific differences in brain melanocortin receptors in rats of the lean phenotype". Neuroreport. 23 (10): 596–600. doi:10.1097/WNR.0b013e328354f5c1. PMC 3831884. PMID 22643233.
- ^ Morgan C, Thomas RE, Cone RD (January 2004). "Melanocortin-5 receptor deficiency promotes defensive behavior in male mice". Hormones and Behavior. 45 (1): 58–63. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2003.08.004. PMID 14733892. S2CID 32531156.
- ^ Morgan C, Thomas RE, Ma W, Novotny MV, Cone RD (February 2004). "Melanocortin-5 receptor deficiency reduces a pheromonal signal for aggression in male mice". Chemical Senses. 29 (2): 111–115. doi:10.1093/chemse/bjh011. PMID 14977807.
- ^ Morgan C, Cone RD (January 2006). "Melanocortin-5 receptor deficiency in mice blocks a novel pathway influencing pheromone-induced aggression". Behavior Genetics. 36 (2): 291–300. doi:10.1007/s10519-005-9024-9. PMID 16408249. S2CID 9659300.
- ^ Sebag JA, Hinkle PM (August 2009). "Opposite effects of the melanocortin-2 (MC2) receptor accessory protein MRAP on MC2 and MC5 receptor dimerization and trafficking". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 284 (34): 22641–22648. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.022400. PMC 2755671. PMID 19535343.
- ^ "GeneCards®: The Human Gene Database".
Further reading
[edit]- Fathi Z, Iben LG, Parker EM (January 1995). "Cloning, expression, and tissue distribution of a fifth melanocortin receptor subtype". Neurochemical Research. 20 (1): 107–113. doi:10.1007/BF00995160. PMID 7739752. S2CID 20792213.
- Chowdhary BP, Gustavsson I, Wikberg JE, Chhajlani V (1994). "Localization of the human melanocortin-5 receptor gene (MC5R) to chromosome band 18p11.2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization". Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics. 68 (1–2): 79–81. doi:10.1159/000133895. PMID 7956366.
- Griffon N, Mignon V, Facchinetti P, Diaz J, Schwartz JC, Sokoloff P (April 1994). "Molecular cloning and characterization of the rat fifth melanocortin receptor". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 200 (2): 1007–1014. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.1550. PMID 8179577.
- Gantz I, Shimoto Y, Konda Y, Miwa H, Dickinson CJ, Yamada T (May 1994). "Molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of a fifth melanocortin receptor" (PDF). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 200 (3): 1214–1220. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.1580. hdl:2027.42/31580. PMID 8185570.
- Chhajlani V (February 1996). "Distribution of cDNA for melanocortin receptor subtypes in human tissues". Biochemistry and Molecular Biology International. 38 (1): 73–80. PMID 8932521.
- Yang YK, Ollmann MM, Wilson BD, Dickinson C, Yamada T, Barsh GS, et al. (March 1997). "Effects of recombinant agouti-signaling protein on melanocortin action". Molecular Endocrinology. 11 (3). Baltimore, Md.: 274–280. doi:10.1210/mend.11.3.9898. PMID 9058374.
- Frändberg PA, Xu X, Chhajlani V (July 1997). "Glutamine235 and arginine272 in human melanocortin 5 receptor determines its low affinity to MSH". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 236 (2): 489–492. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6994. PMID 9240466.
- Yang YK, Thompson DA, Dickinson CJ, Wilken J, Barsh GS, Kent SB, et al. (January 1999). "Characterization of Agouti-related protein binding to melanocortin receptors". Molecular Endocrinology. 13 (1). Baltimore, Md.: 148–155. doi:10.1210/me.13.1.148. PMID 9892020.
- Hatta N, Dixon C, Ray AJ, Phillips SR, Cunliffe WJ, Dale M, et al. (April 2001). "Expression, candidate gene, and population studies of the melanocortin 5 receptor". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 116 (4): 564–570. doi:10.1046/j.0022-202x.2001.01286.x. PMID 11286624.
- Bednarek MA, MacNeil T, Kalyani RN, Tang R, Van der Ploeg LH, Weinberg DH (October 2001). "Selective, high affinity peptide antagonists of alpha-melanotropin action at human melanocortin receptor 4: their synthesis and biological evaluation in vitro". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 44 (22): 3665–3672. doi:10.1021/jm010165y. PMID 11606131.
- Lapinsh M, Veiksina S, Uhlén S, Petrovska R, Mutule I, Mutulis F, et al. (January 2005). "Proteochemometric mapping of the interaction of organic compounds with melanocortin receptor subtypes". Molecular Pharmacology. 67 (1): 50–59. doi:10.1124/mol.104.002857. PMID 15470082. S2CID 13536417.
- Lohoff FW, Berrettini WH (December 2005). "Lack of association between variations in the melanocortin 5 receptor gene and bipolar disorder". Psychiatric Genetics. 15 (4): 255–258. doi:10.1097/00041444-200512000-00007. PMID 16314755. S2CID 21170090.
- Grieco P, Cai M, Han G, Trivedi D, Campiglia P, Novellino E, et al. (June 2007). "Further structure-activity studies of lactam derivatives of MT-II and SHU-9119: their activity and selectivity at human melanocortin receptors 3, 4, and 5". Peptides. 28 (6): 1191–1196. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2007.02.012. PMC 1955225. PMID 17482720.
External links
[edit]- "Melanocortin Receptors: MC5". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived from the original on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2008-12-05.
This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.