Bantuan:IPA/Slovak
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Carta di bawah memaparkan cara bagaimana Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa menjelaskan sebutan bahasa Slovak dalam rencana Wikipedia.
| Konsonan | ||
|---|---|---|
| IPA | Contoh | Nearest English equivalent |
| b | byť, vstup do[1] | bill |
| c | radosť, loď[2] | stew (UK) |
| d | domov, prvýkrát bolo[1] | door |
| dz | hádzať, noc bez[1] | heads |
| dʒ | džbán, cárovič bol[1] | job |
| f | farba, vták[3] | focus |
| ɡ | garáž, kde[1] | gate |
| ɦ | hlava | ahead |
| ɟ | ďaleko, byť zaradený[1] | dew (UK) |
| k | koláč, ping-pong[2] | cold |
| l | láska[4] | lack |
| l̩ | vlk | little |
| l̩ː | vĺča | little left (long) |
| ʎ | ľad[4] | failure |
| m | maslo | milk |
| n | noc | now |
| ɲ | laň | canyon |
| ŋ | banka | singer |
| p | pavúk, dub[2] | spill |
| r | robot | similar to water (US) |
| r̩ | prst | |
| r̩ː | vŕba | Spanish perro |
| s | slnko, mráz[2] | six |
| ʃ | šach, rúž[2] | shell |
| t | tulipán, hlad[2] | stand |
| ts | cena, jedz[2] | bats |
| tʃ | človek, hádž[2] | chase |
| v | vzrast,[3] Adolf bol[1] | vine |
| ʋ | sever[3] | between vine and wine |
| x | chlieb, sneh | loch (Scottish) |
| z | zima, ananás bol[1] | zoo |
| ʒ | žena, Aleš bol[1] | fusion |
| Semivowels | ||
| j | jogurt | yellow |
| ʊ̯ | pravda, krv,[3] Tatrou | wine |
| Vokal[5] | ||
|---|---|---|
| IPA | Contoh | Nearest English equivalent |
| Monophthong | ||
| a | matka | art |
| aː | ráno | father |
| æ | mäso[6] | bat |
| ɛ | drevo | left |
| ɛː | fén | bed |
| i | tri, syr | kit |
| iː | písať, výr | leave |
| ɔ | dom | off |
| ɔː | móda | dog |
| u | ruža | bull |
| uː | úroda | food |
| Diphthong | ||
| ɪ̯a | piaty | young |
| ɪ̯ɛ | viera | yes |
| ɪ̯u | vyššiu | use |
| ʊ̯ɔ | stôl | water |
| IPA | Stress |
|---|---|
| ˈ | Primary stress always falls on the first syllable of a word. |
Nota
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ a b c d e f g h i Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /b, d, dz, dʒ, ɡ, ɟ, z, ʒ/, [b, d, dz, dʒ, ɡ, ɟ, z, ʒ] also occur as allophones of /p, t, ts, tʃ, k, c, s, ʃ/ before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʒ, z, ʒ, ɦ/. [v] also occurs as an allophone of /f/ in the same environment.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Apart from being the main realization of the phonemes /c, k, p, s, ʃ, t, ts, tʃ/, [c, k, p, s, ʃ, t, ts, tʃ] also occur as word-final allophones of /ɟ, ɡ, b, z, ʒ, d, dz, dʒ/ unless the following word beings with any of the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʒ, z, ʒ, ɦ/ and is pronounced without a pause, when they are realized as voiced [ɟ, ɡ, b, z, ʒ, d, dz, dʒ].
- ^ a b c d The phones transcribed [f, v, ʋ, ʊ̯] are allophones of a single /v/ phoneme (but note that [f, v] are also allophones of the /f/ phoneme):
• [f] occurs word-initially before the voiceless obstruents /p, t, c, k, tʃ, s, ʃ, x/;
• [v] occurs word-initially before the voiced obstruents /b, d, ɟ, ɡ, dʒ, z, ʒ, ɦ/;
• [ʊ̯] or [ʋ] (in our transcriptions always represented as [ʊ̯]) occur in the syllable coda;
• [ʋ] occurs in all other cases (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)). - ^ a b The /l–ʎ/ contrast is neutralized before front vowels, when only /l/ occurs. The neutralization is taken further in western dialects in which /ʎ/ merges with /l/ in all environments (Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374)).
- ^ In the majority of cases only one long vowel per word may occur. The phonemic diphthongs /ɪ̯a, ɪ̯ɛ, ɪ̯u, ʊ̯ɔ/ count as long vowels - compare the adjectives beliansky [ˈbɛlɪ̯anski] and bratislavský [ˈbracislaʊ̯skiː]. In the latter word, there is a phonetic diphthong [aʊ̯], which is analyzed phonetically as a sequence of /a/ and /v/.
- ^ /æ/ often merges with /ɛ/.
Rujukan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Hanulíková, Adriana; Hamann, Silke (2010), "Slovak" (PDF), Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 40 (3): 373–378, doi:10.1017/S0025100310000162
- Kráľ, Ábel (1988), Pravidlá slovenskej výslovnosti, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo
- Pavlík, Radoslav (2004), "Slovenské hlásky a medzinárodná fonetická abeceda" (PDF), Jazykovedný časopis, 55: 87–109